Novel chemical compounds of the general formula K+A-, in which K+ is a 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring having 1-3 hetereo atoms, which can be independently N, S, or 0; with the proviso that at least one of the hetereo atoms must be a quaternized nitrogen atom having a -R'CN substituent, wherein R' is alkyl (C1 to C12); the heterocyclic ring having up to 4 or 5 substituents independently chosen from the moieties: (i) H; (ii) halogen or (iii) alkyl (C1 to C12) , which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx), S02(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1-x)Hx where 1
通用公式K+A-的新化合物,其中K+是一个含有1-3个杂原子的5-或6-成员杂环,这些杂原子可以独立地是N、S或O;但其中至少一个杂原子必须是一个具有-R'CN取代基的季铵氮原子,其中R'是烷基(C1到C12);该杂环最多有4或5个取代基,可以独立选择自以下基团:(i) H;(ii) 卤素或(iii) 烷基(C1到C12),该烷基未取代或部分或完全被进一步的基团取代,优选为F、Cl、N(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx)2、O(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx)、S02(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx)2或CnF(2n+1-x)Hx,其中1
Synthesis of N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized imidazolium nitrate and dicyanamide ionic liquids with a comparison of their thermal properties for energetic applications
作者:David M. Drab、Marcin Smiglak、Julia L. Shamshina、Steven P. Kelley、Stefan Schneider、Tommy W. Hawkins、Robin D. Rogers
DOI:10.1039/c0nj00889c
日期:——
The synthesis of 10 N-alkyl-N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized imidazolium (N-methyl- and N-butyl-N-((CH2)nCN)imidazolium; n = 1–4) nitrate and 11 N-alkyl-N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized imidazolium (N-methyl-N-((CH2)nCN)imidazolium; n = 1–6, N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-((CH2)nCN)imidazolium; n = 1,3–6) dicyanamide salts was achieved via N-alkylation of substituted imidazoles with commercially available haloalkylnitriles followed by anion exchange. Based on their observed melting points, all dicyanamide salts and all but one nitrate salt (1-cyanomethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate) had melting points <100 °C, as did 13 of the 17 halide precursors also reported here. Differential scanning calorimetry data indicated that melting points decreased by increasing the N-alkyl or N-cyanoalkyl chain length or by exchanging with the dicyanamide anion, which produced the lowest melting points in comparison to analogous halide or nitrate salts. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated that thermal stability increased for longer N-cyanoalkyl substituent lengths and decreased significantly for nitrates and more so for dicyanamides bearing short-chain N-cyanoalkyl substituents (e.g., N-cyanomethyl, N-(1-cyanoethyl), and N-(2-cyanoethyl)) in comparison to halide precursors. Furthermore, for many of the N-cyanoalkyl-substituted salts (especially the dicyanamides), there was a significant production of thermally-stable char – presumably due to by-products formed from the reaction of either N-cyanoalkyl substituents, dicyanamide anion, or both, which resulted in thermally-stable polymers or cycles.
通过将市售的卤代烷基腈与取代咪唑进行N-烷基化反应,然后进行阴离子交换,成功合成了10种N-烷基-N-氰基烷基功能化的咪唑鎓(N-甲基-和N-丁基-N-((CH2)nCN)咪唑鎓;n = 1–4)硝酸盐和11种N-烷基-N-氰基烷基功能化的咪唑鎓(N-甲基-N-((CH2)nCN)咪唑鎓;n = 1–6,N-(2-氰乙基)-N-((CH2)nCN)咪唑鎓;n = 1,3–6)二氰胺盐。根据它们的熔点观测结果,所有二氰胺盐和除一种硝酸盐(1-氰甲基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硝酸盐)外的所有硝酸盐的熔点均低于100 °C,这里还报道的17种卤化物前体中也有13种的熔点低于100 °C。差示扫描量热数据表明,熔点随着N-烷基或N-氰基烷基链长的增加或与二氰胺阴离子交换而降低,这使得与类似的卤化物或硝酸盐相比熔点最低。热重分析显示,随着N-氰基烷基取代基长度的增加,热稳定性增加,而对于硝酸盐和特别是短链N-氰基烷基取代基(例如,N-氰甲基,N-(1-氰乙基)和N-(2-氰乙基))的二氰胺盐,热稳定性显著降低。此外,许多N-氰基烷基取代的盐(尤其是二氰胺盐),存在大量热稳定的炭质产物——这可能是由于N-氰基烷基取代基、二氰胺阴离子或两者的反应产物形成了热稳定的聚合物或环。
Solubilities of the Gaseous and Liquid Solutes and Their Thermodynamics of Solubilization in the Novel Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids at Infinite Dilution by Gas Chromatography
作者:Juan Zhang、Qinghua Zhang、Botao Qiao、Youquan Deng
DOI:10.1021/je700297c
日期:2007.11.1
coefficient γ∞, molar enthalpies of solution ΔsolH∞, and partial molar excess enthalpies of solution ΔHE∞ and of Gibbs energies ΔGE∞ were determined for polar and nonpolar solutes in these novel ILs. Compared with the 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ILs, cyano functional group substitution on the alkyl chain results in a remarkable decrease of the interactions of hydrocarbons. BMIm[n-C16H31OO] and BMIm[n-C18H35OO]
C 2 H 4和CO 2的溶解度以及极性和非极性溶质与新型离子液体(ILs)1-丁腈-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚氨酸酯(CpMIm [NTf 2 ]),1-丁腈-的相互作用亚甲基2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚氨酸酯(CpMMIm [NTf 2 ]),1-丁腈-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰胺(CpMIm [N(CN)2 ]),1-丁腈-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓二氰胺(CpMMIm [ N(CN)2 ]),3-甲基咪唑鎓硬脂酸1-丁酯(BMIm [ n -C 16 H 33 COO])和3-甲基咪唑鎓硬脂酸1-丁酯(BMIm [ n -C 18通过气相色谱法在T =(303.15、313.15、323.15和333.15)K处无限稀释下研究H 35 COO])。C 2 H 4和CO 2气体的亨利定律常数k H,无限稀释活度系数γ∞,溶液Δ的摩尔焓溶胶ħ ∞,和溶液Δ的偏摩尔焓过量ħ E∞
Dual-functionalised ionic liquids: synthesis and characterisation of imidazolium salts with a nitrile-functionalised anion
作者:Dongbin Zhao、Zhaofu Fei、C. Andr� Ohlin、G�bor Laurenczy、Paul J. Dyson
DOI:10.1039/b408938c
日期:——
A series of ‘dual-functionalised’ ionic liquids, comprising imidazolium cations with various functionalities and the nitrile functionalised anion [CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN]− have been prepared; some exhibit very low viscosities—a highly valuable property in many applications.
目前已制备出一系列 "双官能化 "离子液体,包括具有各种官能度的咪唑阳离子和腈官能化阴离子 [CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN]-;其中一些具有极低的粘度--这在许多应用中都是非常宝贵的特性。
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