Chlorendic acid appears as fine white free-flowing crystals or white powder. Odorless. (NTP, 1992)
颜色/状态：
Crystalline solid
蒸汽压力：
1.4X10-8 mm Hg @ 25 °C /Estimated/
稳定性/保质期：
The acid loses water in a heated open system, tends to discolor and forms the anhydride, which melts at 230-235 °C. ...Chlorendic acid is very resistant to hydrolytic dechlorination... .
分解：
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.
The (14)C chlorendic acid-derived radioactivity in the bile, urine and feces was attached mainly to parent compound or conjugates resistant to beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulfatase.
After oral and intravenous administration of radiolabelled chlorendic acid to rats, the substance was rapidly distributed throughout the body and rapidly metabolized. More than 90% of the radiolabel was excreted within 24 hr in the feces, mainly in a conjugated form. Only 3-6% was excreted in the urine. The highest concentrations of radiolabel were found in adipose tisue, liver, kidneys, whole blood and lung. ... The acute oral toxicity /for the rat/ is low ... Chlorendic acid and anhydride are skin irritants and severe eye and respiratory tract irritants in the rabbit. ... Chlorendic acid was tested for mutagenic potential ... in Salmonella typhimurium in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolism system. Negative results were obtained ... A mouse lymphoma mutation assay in the absence of an exogenous metabolism system was positive. ... Chlorendic acid was positive in a transformation assay using BALB/c3T3 cells without metabolic activation ... Chlorendic acid did not give an increase of replicative DNA synthesis after oral or subcutaneous application ... to rats. ... Chlorendic acid was tested for carcinogenic potential in ... rats ... In addition to significant non-neoplastic changes in a number of organs, such as cystic degeneration and focal cellular changes, and bile duct hyperplasia in the liver, increases in the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas ... and carcinomas, significant at the highest dose level, ... were found. Furthermore, slight increases in acinar cell adenomas of the pancreas and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas in the lung were found ... Chlorendic acid tested in ... mice ... showed an increased incidence of necrosis and mitotic alteration in the liver. An increase in the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was found ... An increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas or carcinomas was found ... Tests showed that chlorendic acid has promoting activity. ... Data on the exposure of humans and of organisms in the environment are lacking. Both substances /chlorendic acid and its anhydride/ seem to have low acute and subacute oral toxicity, but they are dermal, eye, and respiratory irritants. From the results of long term toxicity/carcinogenicity studies with chlorendic acid on rats and mice, it is concluded that chlorendic acid induces tumors in rats and mice and is, therefore, considered to have a carcinogenic potential. However, a full hazard assessment for humans and the environment cannot be made in view of the lack of data.
Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) No data are available in humans; 2) evidence in animals: sufficient. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：2B组：可能对人类致癌
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
(14)C Chlorendic acid was absorbed after oral dose of 7.7 umol/kg bw to Fischer 344 rats. Distribution in various tissues was similar from oral and iv routes. Liver was major site of deposition (primarily as metabolites) with smaller amount found in blood, muscle, skin and kidneys. It was excreted primarily through bile and feces. Urine contained <6% of total dose. Within 1 day, more than 75% of dose was excreted in feces, primarily as metabolites.
(14)C Chlorendic acid was absorbed after oral dose of 7.7 umol/kg bw to Fischer 344 rats. Distribution in various tissues was similar from oral and iv routes. Liver was major site of deposition (primarily as metabolites) with smaller amount found in blood, muscle, skin and kidneys. It was excreted primarily through bile and feces. Urine contained <6% of total dose. Within 1 day, more than 75% of dose was excreted in feces, primarily as metabolites.
(14)C Chlorendic acid in a solution of a polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, ethanol and water (3 mg/kg body weight) was given to male Fischer 344 rats by intravenous injection or oral intubation. Following intravenous injection, more than 50% of the administered radioactivity was found in the liver within 15 min. Biliary excretion was the primary route of removal of radioactivity from the liver, which occurred with a half-life of 1.19 hr. The blood contained 20% of the administered radioactivity at 1 hr, and this declined with a half-life of 0.84 hr. Muscle contained 14% of the administered radioactivity at 15 min, and this level fell rapidly, with a half-life of 0.57 hr. Smaller amounts were detected in other organs. The highest specific activity per gram of tissue (wet weight) was noted in the adrenal gland early after administration. Administration of the same solution of (14)C chlorendic acid by oral intubation resulted in a somewhat higher liver concentration and a lower blood concentration at 24 hr than those seen after the same time following intravenous administration. The majority of the radioactivity was found in the feces (78% of the total dose) or large intestine.
The present invention is in the field of flame retardants and relates to use of sulfenamides as flame retardants, in particular in polymeric substrates.
The invention relates to monocrystalline single crystals of metal-organic framework materials comprising at least one aluminium metal ion, processes for preparing the same, methods for employing the same, and the use thereof. The invention also relates to monocrystalline aluminium metal-organic frameworks.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing vinyl carboxylates, wherein a carboxylic acid is reacted with an alkyne compound in the presence of a catalyst which is selected from carbonyl complexes, halides and oxides of rhenium, of manganese, of tungsten, of molybdenum, of chromium and of iron and rhenium metal at a temperature of ≦300° C.
The process gives the desired vinyl esters with high yield.
Compounds of the formula
wherein M is either (1) a metal ion having a positive charge of +y wherein y is an integer which is at least 2, said metal ion being capable of forming a compound with at least two
chromogen moieties, or (2) a metal-containing moiety capable of forming a compound with at least two
chromogen moieties, z is an integer representing the number of
chromogen moieties associated with the metal and is at least 2, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, R
6
, R
7
, a, b, c, d, Y, and z are as defined herein, Q
−
is a COO
−
group or a SO
3
— group, A is an organic anion, and CA is either a hydrogen atom or a cation associated with all but one of the Q
−
groups.
[EN] PHOSPHO-SUBSTITUTED ALKOXYAMINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ALCOXYAMINE SUBSTITUÉS PAR DES GROUPES PHOSPHO
申请人：BASF SE
公开号：WO2011086114A1
公开（公告）日：2011-07-21
The invention relates to compounds of the group of so-called sterically hindered amines (HALS) which are substituted by phospho groups. The invention also relates to flame retardant compositions wherein these compounds are added to the polymer substrate.
