巴利森苷B是一种白色结晶粉末,来源于生物发酵,并且可以从天麻中分离出。它是一种Parishin衍生物,也是天麻的主要活性成分之一,分子式为C₃₂H₄₀O₁₉,分子量为728.6486。巴利森苷B可溶于甲醇、乙醇和DMSO等有机溶剂。
应用巴利森苷B是酯类化合物,结合在天麻细胞的酸性物质中。适当的加热条件下,相关成分会发生作用促进巴利森苷B的合成,从而提高天麻制品中的含量。蒸煮是常用的加工方法之一。巴利森苷B作为天麻中具有临床疗效的活性成分之一,在蒸煮加热过程中易发生降解反应,导致天麻炮制后天麻素的含量增加。它主治头痛眩晕、肢体麻木、小儿惊风、癫痫抽搐和破伤风等症状。近年来的研究还发现天麻具有增智、健脑及延缓衰老的作用,并对老年性痴呆症有一定疗效。
活性成分天麻中的活性成分主要包括天麻素和巴利森苷B。2015年版《中国药典》将天麻素作为质量评价的指标之一,但其含量受温度和溶剂等因素的影响很大,在不同条件下差异显著。结合型天麻素(如巴利森苷、巴利森苷B等)在药材中的含量远高于游离型天麻素,前期研究表明这种差异可能与巴利森苷类成分的不稳定性有关。巴利森苷B作为活性成分之一,其专属性和稳定性优于天麻素,是潜在的质量控制成分。
多项关于天麻素药理研究发现,并未表现出与其传统功效相关的药理作用。虽然使用几个化学成分来控制天麻质量有一定局限性,但目前只能购买到简单、价廉的合成品如天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇和香兰素作为对照品,这不利于深入研究。而巴利森苷类化合物及多芳环化合物没有相应的对照品,难以进一步开展相关研究。
用途抗菌。 用于含量测定/鉴定/药理实验等。
To explore the transformation mechanisms of free gastrodin and combined gastrodin before and after steaming of Gastrodia elata (G. elata), a fresh G. elata sample was processed by the traditional steaming method prescribed by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 version), and HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS method was used to identify the chemical composition in steamed and fresh G. elata. Finally, 25 components were identified in G. elata based on the characteristic fragments of the compounds and the changes of the 25 components of fresh and steamed G. elata were compared by the relative content. Hydrolysis experiments and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments of 10 monomer compounds simulating the G. elata steaming process were carried out for the first time. As a result, hydrolysis experiments proved that free gastrodin or p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol could be obtained by breaking ester bond or ether bond during the steaming process of G. elata. Enzymatic experiments showed that steaming played an important role in the protection of gastrodin, confirming the hypothesis that steaming can promote the conversion of chemical constituents of G. elata—inhibiting enzymatic degradation. This experiment clarified the scientific mechanism of the traditional steaming method of G. elata and provided reference for how to apply G. elata decoction to some extent.