参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤,《药物发现今天》,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: 按照在人类中发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。《药物发现今天》2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
Tiopronin undergoes slow absorption, reaching peak plasma concentration 3-6 hours after ingestion. In a study of healthy subjects, the bioavailability of total and unbound tiopronin was found to be 63% and 40%, respectively.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
喷替酸钛100%通过尿液排出。
Tiopronin is 100% excreted in urine.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
替普罗宁的分布体积很大,为455升,这表明很大一部分药物结合在血浆外的组织中。
The volume of distribution of tiopronin is high at 455 L, indicating that a large portion of the drug is bound to tissues outside plasma.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
清除
tiopronin的总肾清除率和未结合部分分别为3.3和13.3升/小时。
Total renal clearance for the total and unbound fractions of tiopronin were found to be 3.3 and 13.3 L/h respectively.
Tiopronin是美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗胱氨酸尿症的药物。其通过控制胱氨酸沉淀和排泄速率来发挥作用。体外研究显示,Tiopronin作为抗氧化剂,能保护细胞免受Cisplatin的肾毒性;提高耳蜗防御能力,清除活性氧自由基。此外,维生素E(α-生育酚)和维生素C也能防止自由基生成。实验表明,2 mM Tiopronin能够完全阻止Cisplatin诱导酶漏增加,并阻断Cisplatin引起的MTT还原降低。Tiopronin还能显著保护肾切片免受Cisplatin的毒性作用,在细胞内外均能作为Cisplatin替代靶点提供保护,从而防止Cisplatin诱导谷胱甘肽耗尽。
Collateral Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant Cells to the Orphan Drug Tiopronin
作者:Andrew S. Goldsborough、Misty D. Handley、Andrés E. Dulcey、Kristen M. Pluchino、Pavitra Kannan、Kyle R. Brimacombe、Matthew D. Hall、Gary Griffiths、Michael M. Gottesman
DOI:10.1021/jm2001663
日期:2011.7.28
P-gp. Long-term exposure of P-gp-expressing cells to 1 sensitized them to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, both P-gp substrates. Treatment of MRP1-overexpressing cells with tiopronin led to a significant reduction in MRP1 protein. Synthesis and screening of analogues of tiopronin demonstrated that the thiol functional group was essential for collateralsensitivity while substitution of the amino acid backbone
Guaiacol esters of mercaptopropionic acid derivatives, process for
申请人:——
公开号:US04299842A1
公开(公告)日:1981-11-10
Esters with guaiacol of alpha- and beta-mercaptopropionylalanine and of alpha- and beta-mercaptopropionylglycine, their preparation process and their therapeutic use as mucolytic agents, are disclosed.
Aryl-heteroatom bonds (C-Het) are almost ubiquitously present in chemical molecules. However, methods for diverse C-Het bond formations from a simple substrate are limited. Herein, we report a convenient and efficient C-S bond transformation of aryl sulfoniums to various C-Het bonds (C-O, C-S, C-Sn, C-Si, C-Se) in the absence of any transition-metal catalyst. These reactions proceeded in mild conditions