Extracts of fermentation cultures of a fungal endophyte (DAOM 221611) from spruce needles have afforded the known macrocyclic antibiotic vermiculin (1), 7α,8β,11-trihydroxydrimane (2), and eight novel 13-carbon γ-lactones, namely trans-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide (3), trans-8-hydroxy-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide (4), trans-8-acetoxy-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide (5), trans-9-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-oxo-dodec-trans-6-en-4-olide (6), trans-8,9-dihydroxy-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide (7), trans-9-hydroxy-8-oxo-3-methyldodecan-4-olide (8), trans-7,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-oxo-dodecan-4-olide (9), and trans-6-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-7-oxo-undecan-4-olide (10). A known JH III metabolism product, 10,11-dihydroxyfarnesenic acid (11), was also isolated and synthesized from farnesol. Other endophyte cultures from black spruce and white spruce afforded the novel 6,7-dihydroxy-2-propyl-2,4-octadien-4-olide (16), 5,6,8-trihydroxy-4-(1'-hydroxyethyl) isocoumarin (17) plus the known sescandelin (18), sescandelin B (19), and 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyacetanilide (20). Several of the γ-lactones showed toxicity to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) larvae and vermiculin 1 and compound 16 were toxic to spruce budworm cells.Key words: toxigenic endophytes, insect toxins, γ-lactones, isocoumarins.
从云杉针叶的真菌内生菌(DAOM 221611)的发酵培养物中提取出已知的大环抗生素vermiculin(1)、7α,8β,11-三羟基drimane(2)以及八种新的13-碳γ-内酯,即trans-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide(3)、trans-8-hydroxy-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide(4)、trans-8-acetoxy-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide(5)、trans-9-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-oxo-dodec-trans-6-en-4-olide(6)、trans-8,9-dihydroxy-3-methyldodec-cis-6-en-4-olide(7)、trans-9-hydroxy-8-oxo-3-methyldodecan-4-olide(8)、trans-7,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-oxo-dodecan-4-olide(9)和trans-6-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-7-oxo-undecan-4-olide(10)。还从法尼醇中分离和合成了已知的JH III代谢产物10,11-二羟基法尼酸(11)。从黑云杉和白云杉的其他内生菌培养物中得到了新的6,7-二羟基-2-丙基-2,4-辛二烯-4-内酯(16)、5,6,8-三羟基-4-(1'-羟乙基)异香豆素(17)以及已知的sescandelin(18)、sescandelin B(19)和4-羟基-2-甲氧基乙酰胺(20)。几种γ-内酯对云杉毛虫(Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.)幼虫具有毒性,vermiculin 1和化合物16对云杉毛虫细胞具有毒性。关键词:毒性内生菌,昆虫毒素,γ-内酯,异香豆素。