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磺达肝癸钠 | 104993-28-4

中文名称
磺达肝癸钠
中文别名
磺达肝素
英文名称
fondaparinux
英文别名
(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5-(sulfoamino)-2-(sulfooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-sulfooxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-(sulfoamino)-4-sulfooxy-2-(sulfooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(sulfoamino)-6-(sulfooxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
磺达肝癸钠化学式
CAS
104993-28-4;114870-03-0
化学式
C31H53N3O49S8
mdl
——
分子量
1508.28
InChiKey
KANJSNBRCNMZMV-ABRZTLGGSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    >209°C (dec.)
  • 比旋光度:
    D23 +48° (c = 0.61 in water)
  • 溶解度:
    可溶于水
  • 物理描述:
    Solid

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -14.7
  • 重原子数:
    91
  • 可旋转键数:
    30
  • 环数:
    5.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.94
  • 拓扑面积:
    873
  • 氢给体数:
    19
  • 氢受体数:
    52

ADMET

代谢
未代谢
Not metabolized
来源:DrugBank
代谢
活体中尚未研究磺达肝癸钠的代谢情况,因为大多数给药剂量在肾功能正常的人体内以不变的形式通过尿液排出。
In vivo metabolism of fondaparinux has not been investigated since the majority of the administered dose is eliminated unchanged in urine in individuals with normal kidney function.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
Fondaparinux治疗与治疗期间血清转氨酶升高的低发生率相关,高于正常上限3倍的水平发生在1%至3%的患者中,这一比率低于肝素(约8%)或低分子量肝素(4%至12%)的发生率,但高于安慰剂的发生率。
Fondaparinux therapy is associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, with levels above 3 times the upper limit of normal occurring in 1% to 3% of patients, a lower rate than occurs with heparin (~8%) or low molecular weight heparins (4% to 12%) but higher than occurs with placebo (
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用总结:法安帕瑞克斯(Fondaparinux)被认为在哺乳期间使用是可以接受的。 ◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。 ◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Fondaparinux is considered to be acceptable to use during breastfeeding. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
调查抗血栓药物磺达肝癸钠在哺乳动物肝组分中的体外代谢,并评估其对人类细胞色素P450(CYP)介导的其他药物代谢的潜在抑制作用。通过将放射性同位素标记的磺达肝癸钠与大鼠、家兔、猴子或人类(三名受试者)的肝后线粒体组分一起孵化来进行代谢评估。将人肝微粒体制剂和NADPH生成系统与苯乙酸、香豆素、甲苯磺丁脲、S-美芬妥因、布夫罗尔、氯唑沙宗或硝苯地平一起孵化。这些药物分别被CYP同种物选择性代谢:CYP1A2、CYP2A6、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1或CYP3A4。实验旨在通过改变磺达肝癸钠和选择性底物的浓度,确定磺达肝癸钠对每个CYP同种物的表观抑制常数(K(i)值)。每个实验都包括含有同种物选择性抑制剂的对照反应混合物。孵化后,混合物通过LC-MS/MS或荧光检测进行分析。所有肝组分均具有酶活性,如通过降解[(14)C]睾酮所证明。在肝后线粒体组分中没有检测到磺达肝癸钠的代谢。由于在汇集的微粒体反应混合物中,选择性CYP底物的氧化代谢没有显著抑制,因此无法确定磺达肝癸钠对CYP同种物的表观K(i)值。在选择性CYP抑制剂的存在下,每个底物的代谢显著降低,这证实了在这些分析中可以观察到抑制。磺达肝癸钠在哺乳动物肝脏中缺乏代谢与动物和人类研究一致。由于没有抑制通常涉及药物代谢的人类CYP同种物,因此临床使用磺达肝癸钠治疗不太可能干扰与CYP抑制相关的广泛其他药物的药代动力学和代谢。
To investigate the in vitro metabolism of the antithrombotic agent fondaparinux sodium in mammalian liver fractions and to evaluate its potential inhibitory effect on human cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism of other drugs. Metabolism was evaluated by incubating radioisotope-labelled fondaparinux sodium with postmitochondrial liver fractions of rat, rabbit, monkey or human origin (three subjects). Human liver microsomal preparations and an NADPH-generating system were incubated with phenacetin, coumarin, tolbutamide, S-mephenytoin, bufuralol, chlorzoxazone or nifedipine. These are selectively metabolised by CYP isoforms: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4, respectively. Experiments were designed to determine apparent K(i) (inhibitory constant) values for fondaparinux sodium against each CYP isoform, by varying concentrations of fondaparinux sodium and the selective substrate. Each experiment included control reaction mixtures containing an isoform-selective inhibitor. After incubation, the mixtures were analysed by LC-MS/MS or with fluorometric detection. All liver fractions were enzymatically active, as demonstrated by degradation of [(14)C]testosterone. No metabolism of fondaparinux sodium was detectable in postmitochondrial liver fractions. Apparent K(i) values for fondaparinux sodium against the CYP isoforms could not be determined because the oxidative metabolism of the isoform-selective CYP substrates was not significantly inhibited in pooled microsomal reaction mixtures. In the presence of selective CYP inhibitors, metabolism of each substrate was significantly reduced, confirming that inhibition could be observed in these assays. The demonstrated lack of mammalian hepatic metabolism of fondaparinux sodium is consistent with animal and human studies. The absence of inhibition of the human CYP isoforms commonly involved in the metabolism of drugs suggests that clinical treatment with fondaparinux sodium is unlikely to interfere with the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a wide range of other drugs which are associated with CYP inhibition.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
两项独立的研究评估了稳态下磺达肝癸钠与阿司匹林(乙酰水杨酸)或吡氧噻嗪在健康志愿者中的可能相互作用。在第一项研究中,首先评估了单次剂量的阿司匹林975mg,然后在一个8天的磺达肝癸钠(10mg每日一次)皮下注射方案的第4天给予单次剂量的阿司匹林或安慰剂。第二项研究是一项三向交叉、双盲、随机研究,调查了磺达肝癸钠10mg + 安慰剂、磺达肝癸钠10mg + 吡氧噻嗪20mg或安慰剂 + 吡氧噻嗪20mg。阿司匹林或吡氧噻嗪均未影响稳态下磺达肝癸钠的药代动力学。给药后两小时,阿司匹林单独使用或与磺达肝癸钠联合使用时出血时间的延长显著大于磺达肝癸钠单独使用(分别为p = 0.003和p = 0.004)。阿司匹林单独使用或阿司匹林 + 磺达肝癸钠在出血时间的影响上没有显著差异。在吡氧噻嗪单独使用或吡氧噻嗪 + 磺达肝癸钠给药后,观察到胶原诱导的血小板聚集的小幅下降。观察到对aPTT的小幅影响;无论是单独使用还是与阿司匹林或吡氧噻嗪联合使用,磺达肝癸钠的影响相似。没有报告严重的不良事件。
... Two separate studies assessed any possible interaction between fondaparinux sodium at steady state and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) or piroxicam in healthy volunteers. In the first study a single dose of aspirin 975mg was assessed initially, followed by single doses of aspirin or placebo on the fourth day of an 8-day regimen of subcutaneous fondaparinux sodium (10mg once daily). The second study was a three-way crossover, double-blind, randomised study which investigated fondaparinux sodium 10mg + placebo, fondaparinux sodium 10mg + piroxicam 20mg, or placebo + piroxicam 20mg. ... Neither aspirin nor piroxicam influenced the pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux sodium at steady state. Two hours after administration, prolongation of bleeding time with aspirin alone or with aspirin plus fondaparinux sodium was significantly greater than with fondaparinux sodium alone (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively). No significant differences were observed between aspirin alone or aspirin + fondaparinux sodium in effect on bleeding time. A small decrease in collagen-induced platelet aggregation was observed after administration of piroxicam alone or piroxicam + fondaparinux sodium. A small effect on aPTT was observed; it was similar for fondaparinux sodium whether administered alone or in combination with either aspirin or piroxicam. No serious adverse events were reported.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
在这项研究中,研究者评估了稳态下健康男性志愿者中磺达肝癸钠与地高辛可能的药代动力学和药效学相互作用。在一项I期随机交叉研究中,志愿者(n = 24)在两个时期接受治疗。第一个时期是单独每天一次皮下注射磺达肝癸钠10mg,持续7天;第二个时期是单独口服地高辛0.25mg 7天,然后联合使用磺达肝癸钠10mg再连续7天。每个时期之间有一个12天的洗脱期。地高辛和磺达肝癸钠的药代动力学特征在联合给药后未受影响。基于调整后的几何平均数的90%置信区间的2x2比较(峰浓度、药时曲线下面积和累计尿排泄量的比值)落在0.80到1.25的参考区间内,得出生物等效性的结论。生命体征和心电图参数没有出现临床上显著波动。地高辛与磺达肝癸钠的联合使用耐受性良好,生命体征没有观察到显著变化。
... In this study /investigators/ assessed the possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of fondaparinux sodium with digoxin at steady state in healthy male volunteers. In a phase I randomised, crossover study, volunteers (n = 24) were treated in two periods. The first period was once-daily administration of fondaparinux sodium 10mg subcutaneously alone for 7 days; the second period was 7 days of digoxin 0.25mg orally alone followed by 7 days of coadministration with fondaparinux sodium 10mg. Each period was separated by a washout of 12 days. ... The pharmacokinetic profiles of both digoxin and fondaparinux sodium were unaffected by coadministration. Bioequivalence was concluded, based on the 90% confidence intervals of the ratio of adjusted geometric means calculated for the 2-by-2 comparison of peak concentration, area under the concentration-time curve and cumulative urinary excretion, which lay within the 0.80 to 1.25 reference interval. There were no clinically significant fluctuations in vital signs and ECG parameters. The coadministration of digoxin with fondaparinux sodium was well tolerated and no significant changes were observed in vital signs.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
皮下给药时生物利用度为100%。
100% bioavailability when administered subcutaneously
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
在肾功能正常的人体内,磺达肝癸钠主要通过尿液以原形药物的形式排出。
In individuals with normal kidney function, fondaparinux is eliminated in urine mainly as unchanged drug.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
7-11升(健康成年人),主要分布在血液中
7 - 11 L (healthy adults), distributed primarily in blood
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
硫酸达那帕尼通过皮下注射给药后,可以迅速且完全吸收(绝对生物利用度为100%)。
Fondaparinux sodium administered by subcutaneous injection is rapidly and completely absorbed (absolute bioavailability is 100%).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在年轻男性受试者中,单次皮下注射磺达肝癸钠2.5毫克后,大约2小时达到0.34毫克/升的Cmax。在接受磺达肝癸钠注射2.5毫克,每日一次治疗的患者中,平均稳态血浆峰浓度为0.39至0.50毫克/升,大约在给药后3小时达到。在这些患者中,稳态血浆浓度最低为0.14至0.19毫克/升。在接受磺达肝癸钠注射5毫克(体重<50公斤)、7.5毫克(体重50至100公斤)和10毫克(体重>100公斤)每日一次治疗的症状性深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞患者中,体重调整的剂量在所有体重类别中提供类似的平均稳态峰值和最低血浆浓度。平均稳态血浆峰浓度在1.20至1.26毫克/升的范围内。在这些患者中,平均稳态血浆浓度最低在0.46至0.62毫克/升的范围内。
Following a single subcutaneous dose of fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg in young male subjects, Cmax of 0.34 mg/L is reached in approximately 2 hours. In patients undergoing treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection 2.5 mg, once daily, the peak steady-state plasma concentration is, on average, 0.39 to 0.50 mg/L and is reached approximately 3 hours post-dose. In these patients, the minimum steady-state plasma concentration is 0.14 to 0.19 mg/L. In patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism undergoing treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection 5 mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (body weight 50 to 100 kg), and 10 mg (body weight >100 kg) once daily, the body-weight-adjusted doses provide similar mean steady-state peaks and minimum plasma concentrations across all body weight categories. The mean peak steady-state plasma concentration is in the range of 1.20 to 1.26 mg/L. In these patients, the mean minimum steady-state plasma concentration is in the range of 0.46 to 0.62 mg/L.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

制备方法与用途

磺达肝癸钠概述

磺达肝癸钠,商品名为安卓,是一种新型抗血栓药物。继肝素及低分子肝素后,该药物已被FDA批准用于多种动静脉血栓症的治疗与预防。磺达肝癸钠属于人工合成的特异性活化Xa因子抑制物,通过选择性地与ATn结合,增强其中和已激活的Xa因子的作用约30倍,从而打断凝血瀑布反应,起到抑制凝血酶生成及血栓进展的目的。尽管磺达肝癸钠对凝血酶没有直接作用,但能够有效抑制凝血因子Xa,据估计每抑制1分子Xa因子可阻止50分子凝血酶的产生。

适应症
  • 预防静脉血栓栓塞事件:适用于进行下肢重大骨科手术(如髋关节骨折、膝关节手术或髋关节置换术)的患者。
  • 治疗不稳定性心绞痛或非ST段抬高心肌梗死:无指征进行紧急(<120分钟)侵入性治疗(PCI)的患者。
  • 治疗ST段抬高心肌梗死:使用溶栓或初始不接受其他形式再灌注治疗的患者。
制备

磺达肝癸钠的制备方法包括以下步骤:

  1. 在有机溶剂和催化剂存在的条件下,单糖E-3与四糖DCBA-2耦合,得到五糖EDCBA-1。
  2. 在有机溶剂(如二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙醇或四氢呋喃)和无机碱(如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾)存在的条件下,将五糖EDCBA-1水解,得到五糖EDCBA-2。
  3. 将五糖EDCBA-2用三氧化硫三甲胺进行磺化,并催化氢化。再使用三氧化硫吡啶进行磺化,最终制得磺达肝癸钠。
药理作用及作用机制

磺达肝癸钠是一种人工合成的、活化因子X选择性抑制剂。其抗血栓活性通过抗凝血酶III(ATIII)介导的选择性抑制因子Xa实现。通过与ATIII结合,磺达肝癸钠增强了ATIII对因子Xa原来的中和活性约300倍。这种机制打断了凝血级联反应并抑制了凝血酶的形成及血栓增大。尽管磺达肝癸钠不灭活凝血酶(活化因子Ⅱ)且不对血小板产生影响,在2.5mg剂量下,它不影响常规凝血实验如活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、活化凝血时间(ACT)或血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)/国际标准化比值(INR),也不影响出血时间和纤溶活性。然而,有罕见报告指出在2.5mg剂量下aPTT升高。磺达肝癸钠不会与来自肝素诱导血小板减少症患者的血浆发生交叉反应。

不良反应

在急性冠状动脉综合征研究项目中报道的不良事件与静脉血栓栓塞症防治中所鉴定的不良药物反应一致。出血是最常报道的事件,尤其是在不稳定性心绞痛/非ST段抬高心肌梗死和ST段抬高心肌梗死患者中。

  • 不稳定性心绞痛/非ST段抬高心肌梗死III期研究:使用磺达肝癸钠和依诺肝素治疗9天后,裁定的大出血事件发生率分别为2.1%和4.1%。
  • ST段抬高心肌梗死III期研究:同样时间的治疗中,根据修订TIMI标准裁定的严重出血事件的发生率分别为1.1%和1.4%。

非出血性不良事件中最常报道的包括头痛、胸痛、心房颤动等。在ST段抬高心肌梗死III期研究中,最常报告的非出血性不良事件还包括发热、室性心动过速、呕吐及低血压。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    磺达肝癸钠 在 sodium hydroxide 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 生成 fondaparinux sodium
    参考文献:
    名称:
    PROCESS FOR PREPARING HEPARINOIDS AND INTERMEDIATES USEFUL IN THE SYNTHESIS THEREOF
    摘要:
    公开了合成因子Xa抗凝剂磺达肝癸钠及其相关化合物的方法。提供了受保护的五糖中间体以及通过一系列去保护和磺化反应将受保护五糖中间体转化为磺达肝癸钠的工业规模生产的高效和可扩展过程。
    公开号:
    US20130005954A1
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    methyl (2-azido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfonato-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-(β-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1→4)-(2-amino-2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfonato-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-(2-O-sulfonato-α-L-idopyranosyluronate)-(1→4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfonato-α-D-glucopyranoside sodium salt 在 pyridine-SO3 complex 、 sodium hydroxide 、 盐酸 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 反应 2.0h, 生成 磺达肝癸钠
    参考文献:
    名称:
    PROCESS FOR PREPARING HEPARINOIDS AND INTERMEDIATES USEFUL IN THE SYNTHESIS THEREOF
    摘要:
    公开了合成因子Xa抗凝剂磺达肝癸钠及其相关化合物的方法。提供了受保护的五糖中间体以及通过一系列去保护和磺化反应将受保护五糖中间体转化为磺达肝癸钠的工业规模生产的高效和可扩展过程。
    公开号:
    US20130005954A1
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文献信息

  • Glycosaminoglycan-directed cobalt complexes
    作者:Jessica M. Christian、Mary Zoepfl、Wyatt E. Johnson、Eric Ginsburg、Erica J. Peterson、J. David Hampton、Nicholas P. Farrell
    DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112254
    日期:2023.8
    The Co complexes were chosen to be formally substitution-inert and/or have the potential for covalent binding to the biomolecule. Using both indirect competitive inhibition assays and direct mass spectrometric assays, formally substitution-inert complexes bound to FPX with protection from multiple sulfate loss in the gas phase through metalloshielding. Covalent binding of Co-Cl complexes as in [CoCl(NH3)5]2+
    含有 Werner 复合物的 6+ Co 的生物活性已被描述,并且机制考虑表明高阴离子糖胺聚糖(硫酸乙酰肝素、HS、GAG)与此活性有关 [Paiva 等人,2015]。 2021]。为了详细研究维尔纳复合物生物学特性的分子基础,我们研究了一系列简单的单核 Co 3+化合物与 HS 和磺达肝素 (FPX) 的相互作用。 FPX 是一种高度硫酸化的合成五糖,用作 HS 底物模型 [Mangrum 等人。 2014,彼得森等人。 2017]。 Co配合物被选择为形式上取代惰性的和/或具有与生物分子共价结合的潜力。使用间接竞争性抑制测定和直接质谱测定,形式取代惰性复合物与 FPX 结合,通过金属屏蔽防止气相中的多种硫酸盐损失。通过质谱法证实了[CoCl(NH 3 ) 5 ] 2+和顺式-[CoCl 2 (en) 2 ] +中Co-Cl复合物的共价结合。有趣的是,前一种复合物被证明是细菌肝素酶活性
  • US9302241B2
    申请人:——
    公开号:US9302241B2
    公开(公告)日:2016-04-05
  • PROCESS FOR PREPARING HEPARINOIDS AND INTERMEDIATES USEFUL IN THE SYNTHESIS THEREOF
    申请人:KOVI Ravishanker
    公开号:US20130005954A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-01-03
    Processes are disclosed for the synthesis of the Factor Xa anticoagulant fondaparinux and related compounds. Protected pentasaccharide intermediates and efficient and scalable processes for the industrial scale production of fondaparinux sodium by conversion of the protected pentasaccharide intermediates via a sequence of deprotection and sulfonation reactions are provided.
    公开了合成因子Xa抗凝剂磺达肝癸钠及其相关化合物的方法。提供了受保护的五糖中间体以及通过一系列去保护和磺化反应将受保护五糖中间体转化为磺达肝癸钠的工业规模生产的高效和可扩展过程。
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