Amphiphilic compounds are used in a variety of applications due to their lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase formation, however only a limited number of compounds, in a potentially limitless field, are currently in use. A library of organic amphiphilic compounds was synthesised consisting of glucose, galactose, lactose, xylose and mannose head groups and double and triple-chain hydrophobic tails. A modular, high-throughput approach was developed, whereby head and tail components were conjugated using the copper-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The tails were synthesised from two core alkyne-tethered intermediates, which were subsequently functionalised with hydrocarbon chains varying in length and degree of unsaturation and branching, while the five sugar head groups were selected with ranging substitution patterns and anomeric linkages. A library of 80 amphiphiles was subsequently produced, using a 24-vial array, with the majority formed in very good to excellent yields. A preliminary assessment of the liquid-crystalline phase behaviour is also presented.
两亲性化合物因其能在液晶相形成而广泛应用于多种领域,然而在潜在无限的领域中,目前只有有限的化合物在使用。本研究合成了一组有机两亲性化合物库,包括
葡萄糖、半
乳糖、
乳糖、
木糖和
甘露糖的头部基团以及双链和三链的疏
水尾部。采用了一种模块化、高通量的方法,通过
铜催化的
叠氮化物-
炔烃环加成反应(Cu
AAC)将头部和尾部组件连接起来。尾部是从两个核心
炔烃连接的中间体合成的,随后用不同长度、不饱和度和分支度的烃链进行官能化,而五个糖头部基团则选择了不同的取代模式和异头连接方式。随后,使用24孔阵列产生了一个包含80个两亲分子的库,其中大多数形成了非常好的到优秀的产率。本文还初步评估了这些化合物的液晶相行为。