(a) A fluorine-containing alkyl halide of formula CR¹R²R³-CR⁴R⁵X, where R¹ is F or a polyfluorocarbon group, R² to R⁵ are each H, Cl-10 alkyl, aralkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, (substituted) phenyl or naphthyl, and R² and R³ can be F, or two R's can complete a ring, is reacted with (b) an alcohol of formula HCR⁶R⁷OH where R⁶ and R⁷ are as defined for R⁴ and R⁵ or they may complete a ring (e.g. ethanol) and (c) carbon monoxide optionally diluted with an inert gas, in the presence as catalyst of a Group VIII transition metal or a compound thereof (e.g. a chloro phosphine Pd compound), e.g. in an autoclave at 20 to 120°C for 2 to 50 hours, optionally with an inert solvent.
After chromatographic purification the product obtained in good yield is the carboxylic acid ester of formula (I)
The alcohol is preferably used in at least equimolar amount to the alkyl halide, which can be formed in situ.
(a) 式 CR¹R²R³-CR⁴R⁵X 的含
氟卤代烷基,其中 R¹ 为 F 或多
氟碳原子,R² 至 R⁵ 各为 H、Cl-10 烷基、芳基、C2-10 烯基、(取代的)苯基或
萘基、与 (b) 式 HCR⁶R⁷OH 的醇反应,其中 R⁶ 和 R⁷ 如对 R⁴ 和 R⁵ 所定义的,或者它们可以完成一个环(如
乙醇);和 (c) 式 HCR⁶R⁷OH 反应,其中 R⁶ 和 R⁷ 如对 R⁴ 和 R⁵ 所定义的,或者它们可以完成一个环(如
乙醇)。(c) 可选择用惰性气体稀释的
一氧化碳,在第 VIII 族过渡
金属或其化合物(如
氯膦 Pd 化合物)作为催化剂存在下,例如在 20 至 120°C 的高压釜中,可选择用惰性溶剂进行 2 至 50 小时的反应。
经色谱纯化后,得到的产品是式 (I) 的
羧酸酯,收率很高。
醇最好与烷基卤化物至少等摩尔量使用,烷基卤化物可在原位形成。