毒理性
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用概述:在一些报告称在过去24小时内摄入了人工加糖饮料和甜味剂包的哺乳母亲以及在所有给予糖精苏打的女性中,在她们的母乳中发现了糖精。由于糖精在口服摄入后吸收不良,它不太可能进入婴儿的血液或对哺乳婴儿造成立即的负面影响,或者摄入超过可接受日摄入量的糖精。摄入含有低卡路里甜味剂的饮食饮料可能会增加哺乳婴儿呕吐的风险。一些作者指出,母乳中糖精的水平可能超过牛奶的甜味阈值,并影响肠道酶和微生物组。他们建议,由于对哺乳婴儿的影响未知,妇女可能希望限制在哺乳期间摄入非营养性甜味剂。
◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响:一项横断面调查评估了美国母亲在婴儿11至15周大时哺乳的饮食史。该调查用于估计妇女摄入的无糖苏打水和果汁饮料的量。根据低卡路里甜味剂暴露,婴儿的体重或z得分没有统计学上的显著差异。然而,每周只接触一次或更少低卡路里甜味剂的婴儿比那些没有接触的婴儿有统计学上显著更高的呕吐风险。更高暴露与呕吐无关。无法评估特定甜味剂的影响。
◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Sucralose has been found in the breastmilk of some nursing mothers who report consuming artificially sweetened beverages and sweetener packets in the past 24 hours and in all women given a sucralose-sweetened soda. Because sucralose is poorly absorbed after oral ingestion, it is not likely to reach the bloodstream of the infant or cause immediate adverse effects in breastfed infants or have a sucralose intake greater than the acceptable daily intake. Ingestion of diet drinks containing low-calorie sweeteners might increase the risk of vomiting in breastfed infants. Some authors note that the levels of sucralose in milk can exceed the sweetness threshold in milk and affect intestinal enzymes and the microbiome. They suggest that women may wish to limit the consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners while breastfeeding because their effect on the nursing infants are unknown.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:A cross-sectional survey assessed the dietary history of US mothers nursing infants between 11 and 15 weeks of age. The survey was used to estimate the amount of diet soda and fruit drinks consumed by the women. There were no statistically significant differences in infants’ weight or z-scores based on low calorie sweetener exposure. However, infants exposed to low calorie sweetener in milk once or less per week had a statistically significantly higher risk of vomiting than those who were not exposed. Greater exposure was not associated with vomiting. It was not possible to assess the effects of specific sweeteners.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)