Mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium conjugated glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as potent anticancer drugs
摘要:
Glycyrrhetinic acid has been usually studied for their anti-tumor activities. However, the low bioavailability and poor aqueous solubility as well as limited intracellular accumulation have limited their utility. In this present study, a series of new glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates with a triphenylphosphonium cation (TTP+) moiety, meant to specifically target them to tumor cells mitochondria, have been designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 2f possessed excellent antitumor activities against the tested human cancer cells, and simultaneously exhibited better cell selectivity between cancer cells and normal cells than glycyrrhetinic acid and HCPT. Moreover, 2f significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and effectively inhibited cancer cells proliferation and migration. Mechanism studies revealed that 2f triggered apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway via the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.
get “simple” derivatives, for example esters, amides and a nitrile. The influence of these changes on the cytotoxic activity is noteworthy and was determined by a colorimetric sulphorhodamine B test using 7 human tumor cell lines and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3) for comparison. A Trypan blue test as well as an acridine orange/ethidium bromide test was used to discover the ability of the compounds
甘草根的提取物已用于传统和民间医学,以治疗多种疾病。这些提取物的主要成分是甘草酸。它的苷元甘草次酸具有许多生物活性,其中包括对肿瘤细胞的明显细胞毒性。在这项研究中,我们改变了 C-30 位的甘草次酸以获得“简单”的衍生物,例如酯、酰胺和腈。这些变化对细胞毒活性的影响是值得注意的,并且是通过使用 7 种人类肿瘤细胞系和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞 (NIH3T3) 进行比色的磺胺罗丹明 B 测试来确定的。台盼蓝试验以及吖啶橙/溴化乙锭试验用于发现化合物诱导细胞凋亡的能力。
To discover novel nitrogen mustards, the reported mustard pharmacophore was combined with natural pentacyclic triterpenes, which are characterized with pharmacological and structural diversity. Thus, six conjugates were synthesized with 1,2,3‐triazole linking N,N‐bis (2‐chloroethyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediamine and oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, or glycyrrhetinic acid, and their biological activity was evaluated
Using a reported pharmacophore, 4-[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino]phenol, and pentacyclic triterpenes, pharmacologically and structurally diverse components of natural products, six pentacyclic triterpene-4-[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino]phenol conjugates were synthesized by click chemistry. Their cytotoxicities against the BEL-7404 and NCI-H460 tumor cell lines were evaluated by the MTT assay. The in
As pharmacophore hybridization has been used frequently in the discovery of new drugs, ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid-uracil/thymine hybrids have been synthesized and evaluated their antiproliferative activity by the MTT assay. The results displayed that, the hybrids of glycyrrhetinic acid (7a-7b to 10a-10b) exhibited slightly better antiproliferative activity than that of ursolic acid hybrids (3a-3b to 6a-6b). Two single glycyrrhetinic acid-thymine hybrids (8a and 10a) possessed good antiproliferative activity against tested A549 cell line (IC50=10.7 and 18.3 mu M, respectively). And three hybrids (3a, 5a, and 10b) exhibited about 80% inhibitory ratio against tested Hela cell line.