原药为黄褐色固体,属于好气性蜡状芽孢杆菌群,在芽孢囊内产生晶体。该菌株有12个血清型和17个变种,主要杀虫成分为β-外毒素。
用途细菌杀虫剂,是一类产晶体芽孢杆菌,能够产生内毒素(伴孢晶体)和外毒素。内毒素可使昆虫肠道麻痹、停止取食,破坏肠道内膜,从而导致细菌的营养细胞侵入并穿透肠道底膜进入血淋巴。最终因饥饿和败血症而死亡;而外毒素的作用较为缓慢,在蜕皮和变态时才明显起效。
该菌剂在林业中防治松毛虫效果良好,也可用于农业上防治稻苞虫、稻螟、玉米螟、棉小造桥虫及菜粉蝶等害虫。
用途此外,还可用作检测还原糖;制备DNA-阳离子络合物和抗DNA抗体的免疫吸附剂。可用于皮质甾类、氧化还原酶(如琥珀酸脱氢酶)的测定,以及种子发芽和活力试验、细菌和霉菌染色,还可以用于测定还原糖含量。
生产方法生产过程如下:首先在纯种试管中培养菌种(28~30℃,24小时),然后进行扩大培养(28~30℃,24~48小时),最后在发酵罐中进行大规模培养(28~30℃,37~59小时)。之后过滤、干燥,即得到最终产品。
Complex formation and liquid-liquid extraction were studied in systems containing indium(III), 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), phenylmethoxybis(tetrazolium) salt (MBT), water and chloroform. The following MBTs, which differ only by the number of -NO2 groups in their cationic parts, were used: 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)bis(2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) (Blue Tetrazolium chloride, BT), 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride] (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium chloride, NBT) and 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)bis[2,5-di(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium chloride] (Tetranitro Blue Tetrazolium chloride, TNBT). The composition of the formed ternary complexes was determined, In:PAR:MBT=1:2:2, and the optimum conditions for their extraction found: pH, shaking time, concentration of the reagents and the sequence of their addition. Some key constants were estimated: constants of extraction (Kex), constants of association (β) and constants of distribution (KD). BT appears to be the best MBT for extraction of the In(III)-PAR species, [In3+(OH)3(PAR)2]4−, (Log Kex=10.9, Log β=9.8, Log KD=1.12, R%=92.7%). Several additional characteristics concerning its application as extraction-spectrophotometric reagent were calculated: limit of detection (LOD = 0.12 µg cm−3), limit of quantification (LOD = 0.40 µg cm−3) and Sandell’s sensitivity (SS =1.58 ng cm−2); Beer’s law is obeyed for In(III) concentrations up to 3.2 µg mL−1 with a molar absorptivity coefficient of 7.3×104 L mol−1 cm−1 at λmax=515 nm.
The formation and liquid-liquid extraction of ion-association complexes between Co(II)-4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) anionic chelates and cations of three ditetrazolium chlorides were studied: Blue Tetrazolium chloride (BTC), Neotetrazolium chloride (NTC) and Nitro Blue Tetrazolium chloride (NBT). The optimum conditions for the formation and solvent extraction of the ion-association comlpex chelates were determined. It has been found that in the systems of Co(II)-PAR-DTS, the reactants are reacted in molar ratios 1:2:1 and the general formula of complexes was suggested. The extraction equilibria were investigated and quantitatively characterized by the equilibrium constants and the recovery factors. The analytical characteristics of the complexes were calculated.