Indazole Estrogens: Highly Selective Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor β
摘要:
The estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, are important pharmaceutical targets. To develop ERbeta-selective ligands, we synthesized a series of nonsteroidal compounds having a phenyl-2H-indazole core with different groups at C-3. Several of these show high affinity and good ERbeta selectivity, especially those with polar and/or polarizable substituents at this site (halogen, CF3, nitrile); the best compounds have affinities for ERbeta comparable to estradiol, with ERbeta affinity selectivity > 100. This potency and ERbeta selectivity is also seen in cell-based transcriptional assays, where several compounds showed ERbeta efficacies equivalent to that of estradiol with ERbeta potency selectivities of 100. These compounds might prove useful as selective pharmacological probes to study the biological actions of estrogens mediated through ERP, and they might lead to the development of useful pharmaceuticals. These findings also contribute to an evolving pharmacophore that characterizes certain nonsteroidal ligands having high ERbeta subtype affinity and potency selectivity.
Indazole Estrogens: Highly Selective Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor β
摘要:
The estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, are important pharmaceutical targets. To develop ERbeta-selective ligands, we synthesized a series of nonsteroidal compounds having a phenyl-2H-indazole core with different groups at C-3. Several of these show high affinity and good ERbeta selectivity, especially those with polar and/or polarizable substituents at this site (halogen, CF3, nitrile); the best compounds have affinities for ERbeta comparable to estradiol, with ERbeta affinity selectivity > 100. This potency and ERbeta selectivity is also seen in cell-based transcriptional assays, where several compounds showed ERbeta efficacies equivalent to that of estradiol with ERbeta potency selectivities of 100. These compounds might prove useful as selective pharmacological probes to study the biological actions of estrogens mediated through ERP, and they might lead to the development of useful pharmaceuticals. These findings also contribute to an evolving pharmacophore that characterizes certain nonsteroidal ligands having high ERbeta subtype affinity and potency selectivity.
Rhenium-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation of Azobenzenes and Aldehydes via Isolable Cyclic Rhenium(I) Complexes
作者:Xiaoyu Geng、Congyang Wang
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00938
日期:2015.5.15
The first Re-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation of azobenzenes with aldehydes was developed to furnish 2H-indazoles via isolable and characterized cyclic ReI-complexes. For the first time, the acetate-acceleration effect is showcased in Re-catalyzed C–H activation reactions. Remarkably, mechanistic studies revealed an irreversible aldehyde-insertion step, which is in sharp contrast to those of previous Rh-
Rh(III)-Catalyzed [4 + 1]-Annulation of Azoxy Compounds with Alkynes: A Regioselective Approach to 2<i>H</i>-Indazoles
作者:Zhen Long、Yudong Yang、Jingsong You
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00982
日期:2017.6.2
A rhodium-catalyzed regioselective C–H activation/cyclization of azoxycompounds with alkynes has been disclosed to construct a variety of 2H-indazoles. A [4 + 1]-cycloaddition rather than a normal [4 + 2] mode is observed in the process of cyclative capture along with an oxygen-atom transfer and a C≡C triple bond cleavage. This protocol features a broad substrate scope, a good functional group tolerance
Tosyl Hydrazine-Promoted Tandem Condensation and Cyclization of Acyl Azobenzenes Enabling Access to 2<i>H</i>
-Indazoles under Metal-Free Aerobic Conditions
作者:Jeong-Yu Son、Hyunseok Kim、Yonghyeon Baek、Kyusik Um、Gi Hoon Ko、Gi Uk Han、Sang Hoon Han、Kooyeon Lee、Phil Ho Lee
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201801055
日期:2018.11.16
Tosyl hydrazine‐promoted tandem condensation and cyclization of 2‐acyl azobenzenes under metal‐free aerobic conditions was demonstrated to give 2‐aryl‐2H‐indazoles having alkyl‐ or aryl groups at the 3‐position in quantitative yields through the release of water, molecular nitrogen, and sulfinic acid. All of the examples produced the corresponding 2H‐indazoles in quantitative yields. The present reaction
Direct Access to Acylated Azobenzenes via Pd-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization and Further Transformation into an Indazole Backbone
作者:Hongji Li、Pinhua Li、Lei Wang
DOI:10.1021/ol303434n
日期:2013.2.1
Azobenzenes were readily acylated at the 2-position through a Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization from simple aromatic azo compounds and aldehydes in good yields. The obtained acylated azobenzenes could be efficiently converted into the corresponding indazole derivatives in nearly quantitative yields.