Divalent lanthanide derivatives in organic synthesis. 1. Mild preparation of samarium iodide and ytterbium iodide and their use as reducing or coupling agents
Pyrazinoic Acid Esters with Broad Spectrum in Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity
作者:Michael H. Cynamon、Rayomand Gimi、Ferenc Gyenes、Cindy A. Sharpe、Kathryn E. Bergmann、Hye Jung Han、Livia B. Gregor、Radha Rapolu、Gregorio Luciano、John T. Welch
DOI:10.1021/jm00020a003
日期:1995.9
A series of substituted pyrazinoicacidesters has been prepared and examined for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium kansasii as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Modification of both the pyrazine nucleus and the ester functionality have been very successful in expanding the activity of pyrazinamide to include M. avium and M. kansasii, organisms normally not susceptible
Reactions of SmI<sub>2</sub> with Alkyl Halides and Ketones: Inner-Sphere vs Outer-Sphere Electron Transfer in Reactions of Sm(II) Reductants
作者:Rebecca S. Miller、Jennifer M. Sealy、Masangu Shabangi、Matthew L. Kuhlman、James R. Fuchs、Robert A. Flowers
DOI:10.1021/ja001260j
日期:2000.8.1
This paper presents the effect of additives on the mechanism and selectivity of the SmI2-mediated coupling of alkyl halides and ketones. The reaction of 1-iodobutane and 2-octanone was carried out with SmI2 in the absence of cosolvent and in the presence of HMPA, LiBr, and LiCl. The experiments using cosolvent free SmI2 and SmI2−HMPA reductants gave the Barbier product, 5-methyl-5-undecanol predominantly
The evaluation of dicyclopentadienylsamarium as a reagent in organic synthesis
作者:J.L. Namy、J. Collin、J. Zhang、H.B. Kagan
DOI:10.1016/s0022-328x(00)99769-9
日期:1987.7
SmCp2, which is easily prepared from SmI2, has been screened as a reducing agent for organic chemistry. In particular, SmCp2 promotes the pseudo-Barbier reaction between carbonylcompounds (aldehydes and ketones) and aliphatic or allylic halides more efficiently than does SmI2.
new, simple and high-yield synthesis of a salt-free samarium(II) triflate, [Sm(OTf)2(DME)2] is described. In stoichiometric amounts this derivative mediates typical samarium (II) coupling reactions such as pinacolisation, dimerisation of imines and Barbier-type reactions. It can also acts as a precatalyst for Mukaiyama aldol and Michael reactions and Diels-Alder reactions.
Process for making an aminosiloxane polymer nanoemulsion
申请人:Wacker Chemie AG
公开号:EP2980125A1
公开(公告)日:2016-02-03
The present invention provides a method of making a nanoemulsion comprising the steps of:
a) solubilizing a silicone resin in an organic solvent system to yield a silicone resin solution concentration of 80% or less, wherein the organic solvent system comprises diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether and at least one additional solvent selected from the list consisting of monoalcohols, polyalcohols, ethers of monoalcohols, ethers of polyalcohols, fatty esters, Guerbet alcohols, isoparaffins, naphthols, glycol ethers or mixtures thereof, provided that if the additional solvent is a glycol ether it is not diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether;
b) mixing the silicone resin solution from a) with an aminosiloxane polymer to obtain an aminosiloxane polymer:silicone resin mixture having ratio of about 20:1;
c) allowing the aminosiloxane polymer:silicone resin mixture to age for at least about 6 hours at ambient temperature;
d) adding the aminosiloxane polymer:silicone resin mixture to a vessel;
e) optionally adding with agitation an additional organic solvent to the aminosiloxane polymer:silicone resin mixture;
f) mixing until homogenous;
g) adding a protonating agent;
h) additionally adding an aqueous carrier in an amount to produce the desired concentration of emulsion;
and a nanoemulsion preparable by said method.
本发明提供了一种制造纳米乳液的方法,包括以下步骤:
a) 将硅树脂溶解在有机溶剂体系中,使硅树脂溶液的浓度达到或低于 80%,其中有机溶剂体系包括二乙二醇单丁醚和至少一种选自单醇、多元醇、单醇醚、多元醇醚、脂肪酯、异丙醇的溶剂、多元醇、单醇醚、多元醇醚、脂肪酯、格尔贝特醇、异链烷烃、萘酚、乙二醇醚或它们的混合物,但如果附加溶剂是乙二醇醚,则不是二乙二醇单丁醚;
b) 将 a) 中的硅树脂溶液与氨基硅氧烷聚合物混合,得到氨基硅氧烷聚合物:硅树脂混合物,其比例约为 20:1;
c) 使氨基硅氧烷聚合物:硅树脂混合物在环境温度下老化至少约 6 小时;
d) 将氨基硅氧烷聚合物:硅树脂混合物加入容器中;
e) 可选择在搅拌下向氨基硅氧烷聚合物:硅树脂混合物中再加入一种有机溶剂
f) 混合直至均匀
g) 加入质子化剂
h) 另外加入一定量的水性载体,以产生所需浓度的乳液;
以及可通过上述方法制备的纳米乳液。