Diastereoface-Selective Epoxidations: Dependency on the Reagent Electrophilicity
摘要:
Substrate-imposed steric constraints can be overriden by the pronounced preference of strong peracids for epoxidation on the π face, which has the highest electron density. For example, the syn:anti ratio for reaction (1) with CF3 CO3 H in CH2 Cl2 is 82:18, that with CH3 CO3 H in toluene is 3:97.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Granatumine A and Related Bislactone Limonoid Alkaloids via a Pyran to Pyridine Interconversion
作者:Alexander W. Schuppe、Yizhou Zhao、Yannan Liu、Timothy R. Newhouse
DOI:10.1021/jacs.9b04508
日期:2019.6.12
We report the first totalsynthesis of (+)-granatumine A, a limonoid alkaloid with PTP1B inhibitory activity, in ten steps. Over the course of this study, two key methodological advances were made: a cost-effective procedure for ketone α,β-dehydrogenation using allyl-Pd catalysis, and a Pd-catalyzed protocol to convert epoxyketones to 1,3-diketones. The central tetrasubstituted pyridine is formed by
Lipase-mediated synthesis of the enantiomeric forms of 4,5-epoxy-4,5-dihydro-α-ionone and 5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionone. A new direct access to enantiopure (R)- and (S )-α-ionone
Stereoselective lipase-mediated esterifications of epoxy-α-ionol 5 and epoxy-β-ionol 9 afforded suitable precursors of the enantiomers of the corresponding oxidised derivatives epoxy-α-ionone 3 and epoxy-β-ionone 4. An interesting development of this work is the easy conversion of enantiopure 3a and 3b into highly valuable enantiopure (S)- and (R)-ionone (1a and 1b) via a mild deoxygenation reaction.
Oxidation of alkenes with non-heme iron complexes: suitability as an organic synthetic method
作者:David Clemente-Tejeda、Francisco A. Bermejo
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.037
日期:2014.12
In the course of a preliminary study to determine the preparative value and the synthetic applications of the non-heme iron(II) complexes Fe(bpmen)(OTf)(2) and Fe(tpa)(OTf)(2), in particular the oxidation of alkenes by using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant, we have found significant differences in catalyst behavior. After several attempts it was clear that the preparative relevance of the oxidation processes was linked to the concentration of the catalyst and optimal results were obtained when the concentration value was 5 mol %. At that concentration, the Fe(bpmen)(OTf)(2) catalyst mostly gave rise to mixtures of the epoxide and the trans-dihydroxylation products formed by water-assisted hydrolytic cleavage of the epoxides. Furthermore, the use of the tripodal ligand tpa led to cis dihydroxylation products. When deactivated olefins were used as substrates for the oxidation reaction, the cis-diols were obtained exclusively, although with modest conversions, regardless of the catalyst used. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.