(7E,9Z,11E,13E)-10-fluoro-retinal | 68178-28-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: (7E,9Z,11E,13E)-10-fluoro-retinal
• 英文别名: 10-Fluor-retinal；(2E,4E,6Z,8E)-6-fluoro-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal
• CAS: 68178-28-9
• 化学式: C₂₀H₂₇FO
• 分子量: 302.432
• InChiKey: LWQLDNOODFVDOM-XAQBYSTASA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.8
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.45
• 拓扑面积：
  17.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  (7E,9Z,11E,13E)-10-fluoro-retinal 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 生成 (2E,4Z,6Z,8E)-6-Fluoro-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Fluoro Derivatives of Retinal Illuminate the Decisive Role of the C₁₂-H Element in Photoisomerization and Rhodopsin Activation

  摘要：

  Rhodopsin, the visual pigment of the vertebrate rod cell, is among the best investigated members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. Within this family a unique characteristic of visual pigments is their covalently bound chromophore, 11-cis retinal, which acts as an inverse agonist. Upon illumination it can be transformed into the all-trans isomer that acts as a full agonist. This photoisomerization process is extremely efficient: 2 out of 3 photons are effective, full stereoselectivity is achieved, and stereoinversion occurs within 200 fs. The mechanism behind this process is still not really understood, although the available evidence points at the twisted C-9-C-13 segment of the 11-cis ligand as the quintessence. To further dissect the role of this segment, we have generated the 10-fluoro, 12-fluoro, and 14-fluoro analogues of rhodopsin. A fluoro substituent brings in only little more volume than hydrogen, but considerably more mass and polarizability. The analogue pigments were compared to rhodopsin with respect to their photosensitivity (quantum yield), light-induced structural transitions (UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy), and signaling activity (G protein activation rate). We find that 14-F substitution is quite neutral, while 10-F and 12-F substitutions exert significant but distinct effects. The 10-F pigment exhibits a quantum yield similar to that of rhodopsin (0.65) but strongly perturbed thermodynamics of the structural transitions following photoactivation and only 20% of the native signaling activity. The 12-F pigment exhibits a significantly decreased quantum yield (0.47) and signaling activity (30%) but mixed effects on the structural transitions. These properties are compared to those of the corresponding methyl derivatives. We conclude that rotation of the C-12-H bond of the rhodopsin chromophore is a major rate-limiting factor in the photoisomerization process, while the C-10-H moiety plays a dominant role in ligand relaxation and further rearrangements following photoactivation.

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja907577p
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-fluoro-3-methyl-5-(2’,6’,6’-trimethylcyclohex-1’-en-1’-yl)-penta-2,4-dienenitrile 在 正丁基锂 、 二异丁基氢化铝 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 正己烷 、 氯仿 为溶剂， 反应 1.5h， 生成 (7E,9Z,11E,13E)-10-fluoro-retinal
  参考文献：
  名称：

  溶液中视网膜光化学和光物理的合成控制

  摘要：

  了解分子结构和环境如何控制分子中的能量流动是高效设计定制光化学的必要条件。在这里，我们研究了溶液中视黄醛质子化希夫碱发色团的光化学和光物理特性的可调性。替换通常选择的正丁胺席夫碱来模拟芳香胺在自然界中发现的饱和键会导致视蛋白位移的再现和所有异构化通道的完全抑制。通过定向添加或去除主链取代基来修饰视黄醛，可将光异构化总产率从 0 调整到 0.55，将激发态寿命从 0.4 调整到 7 ps，并激活以前无法进入的反应通道以形成 7-cis 和 13-cis 产物。我们观察到可极化骨架取代基的存在与光化学反应性之间存在明显的相关性。发现提高反应速度的结构变化会降低量子产率，反之亦然，因此与比较蛋白质和溶液环境中的视网膜光化学时观察到的趋势相比，激发态寿命和效率呈负相关。我们的结果提出了一个简单的模型，其中骨架修饰和席夫碱取代基控制激发态势能表面的势垒高度，从而确定光化学过程的速度、产物分布和总产率

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja4121814

文献信息

• Synthetic Control of Retinal Photochemistry and Photophysics in Solution
  作者：Giovanni Bassolino、Tina Sovdat、Matz Liebel、Christoph Schnedermann、Barbara Odell、Timothy D.W. Claridge、Philipp Kukura、Stephen P. Fletcher

  DOI：10.1021/ja4121814

  日期：2014.2.12

  environment control energy flow in molecules is a requirement for the efficient design of tailor-made photochemistry. Here, we investigate the tunability of the photochemical and photophysical properties of the retinal-protonated Schiff base chromophore in solution. Replacing the n-butylamine Schiff base normally chosen to mimic the saturated linkage found in nature by aromatic amines results in the reproduction

  了解分子结构和环境如何控制分子中的能量流动是高效设计定制光化学的必要条件。在这里，我们研究了溶液中视黄醛质子化希夫碱发色团的光化学和光物理特性的可调性。替换通常选择的正丁胺席夫碱来模拟芳香胺在自然界中发现的饱和键会导致视蛋白位移的再现和所有异构化通道的完全抑制。通过定向添加或去除主链取代基来修饰视黄醛，可将光异构化总产率从 0 调整到 0.55，将激发态寿命从 0.4 调整到 7 ps，并激活以前无法进入的反应通道以形成 7-cis 和 13-cis 产物。我们观察到可极化骨架取代基的存在与光化学反应性之间存在明显的相关性。发现提高反应速度的结构变化会降低量子产率，反之亦然，因此与比较蛋白质和溶液环境中的视网膜光化学时观察到的趋势相比，激发态寿命和效率呈负相关。我们的结果提出了一个简单的模型，其中骨架修饰和席夫碱取代基控制激发态势能表面的势垒高度，从而确定光化学过程的速度、产物分布和总产率
• Fluoro Derivatives of Retinal Illuminate the Decisive Role of the C₁₂-H Element in Photoisomerization and Rhodopsin Activation
  作者：Petra H. M. Bovee-Geurts、Isabelle Fernández Fernández、Robert S. H. Liu、Richard A. Mathies、Johan Lugtenburg、Willem J. DeGrip

  DOI：10.1021/ja907577p

  日期：2009.12.16

  Rhodopsin, the visual pigment of the vertebrate rod cell, is among the best investigated members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. Within this family a unique characteristic of visual pigments is their covalently bound chromophore, 11-cis retinal, which acts as an inverse agonist. Upon illumination it can be transformed into the all-trans isomer that acts as a full agonist. This photoisomerization process is extremely efficient: 2 out of 3 photons are effective, full stereoselectivity is achieved, and stereoinversion occurs within 200 fs. The mechanism behind this process is still not really understood, although the available evidence points at the twisted C-9-C-13 segment of the 11-cis ligand as the quintessence. To further dissect the role of this segment, we have generated the 10-fluoro, 12-fluoro, and 14-fluoro analogues of rhodopsin. A fluoro substituent brings in only little more volume than hydrogen, but considerably more mass and polarizability. The analogue pigments were compared to rhodopsin with respect to their photosensitivity (quantum yield), light-induced structural transitions (UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy), and signaling activity (G protein activation rate). We find that 14-F substitution is quite neutral, while 10-F and 12-F substitutions exert significant but distinct effects. The 10-F pigment exhibits a quantum yield similar to that of rhodopsin (0.65) but strongly perturbed thermodynamics of the structural transitions following photoactivation and only 20% of the native signaling activity. The 12-F pigment exhibits a significantly decreased quantum yield (0.47) and signaling activity (30%) but mixed effects on the structural transitions. These properties are compared to those of the corresponding methyl derivatives. We conclude that rotation of the C-12-H bond of the rhodopsin chromophore is a major rate-limiting factor in the photoisomerization process, while the C-10-H moiety plays a dominant role in ligand relaxation and further rearrangements following photoactivation.