The internal return of neutral leaving groups was studied in rearrangements of polycyclic systems (2-norpinyl --> 2-norbornyl, endo- --> exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-yl, bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-yl --> 7-norbornyl, and 4-protoadamantyl --> 2-adamantyl). Acid catalysis was applied to O-18-labeled alcohols in aqueous organic solvents, to alcohols in methanol, and to ethers R-O-R' in alcohols R''-OH. The leaving group was found to attack the migration origin in competition with solvent molecules, Return:exchange ratios were obtained from product distributions, either directly or by kinetic simulation (in cases of partial exchange prior to rearrangement). If departure and return of the leaving group occur on the same side of the carbon framework, return:exchange ratios ranging from 1 to 11.5 were observed. Less internal return was found for bridged than for open carbocations, Migration of the departing molecule to the opposite face (exo reversible arrow endo) or to a beta carbon is a minor process (return:exchange 0.1), in accordance with previous reports on inverting displacements and allylic 1,3 shifts. These data are rationalized in terms of short-lived ion-molecule (ion-dipole) complexes whose collapse competes with ligand exchange.
Solvent Shifts of Methyl Proton Resonances of Pinanols and Related Compounds
作者:Toshifumi Hirata
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.45.3169
日期:1972.10
shifts of methyl protons of a number of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanols and their acetates were measured on carbon tetrachloride and benzene in order to examine the correlation between the benzene-induced shifts and the spatial arrangements of the functional groups concerned. Thus, the shifts induced by benzene were found to be useful in establishing both the location and the stereochemistry of methyl protons
Acceleration of the reduction of aldehydes and ketones using Mn(dpm)3 catalyst and phenylsilane in the presence of dioxygen
作者:Philip Magnus、Mark R Fielding
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01304-1
日期:2001.9
Saturated ketones and aldehydes are reduced to alcohols by phenylsilane and Mn(dpm)(3)(cat) in the presence of dioxygen. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Baretta,A.J. et al., Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1970, p. 3985 - 3995
作者:Baretta,A.J. et al.
DOI:——
日期:——
The Reaction of Singlet Oxygen with ?- and ?-Pinenes
作者:Charles W. Jefford、Andr� F. Boschung、Robert M. Moriarty、Christian G. Rimbault、Mostyn H. Laffer
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19730560748
日期:1973.11.7
AbstractThe reaction of photogenerated singlet oxygen with α‐ and β‐pinenes has been carefully re‐examined. α‐Pinene almost exclusively (99.3% yield) furnishes trans‐3‐hydroperoxy‐pin2(10)‐ene. However, detectable amounts of the three other possible products are also found, viz., cis‐3‐hydroperoxypin‐2 (10)‐ene (˜0.8%), and cis‐ and trans‐2‐hydroperoxypin‐3 (4)‐ene (˜0.04%). β‐Pinene gives 99.9% of 10‐hydroperoxypin‐2 (3)‐ene and a trace (˜0.01%) of norpinan‐2‐one. Rates of reaction and product composition are treated by modal analysis and reflect the operation of steric and stereoelectronic factors in a reactant‐like transition state.
Neighboring Carbon and Hydrogen. XVIII. Solvolysis of the Nopinyl p-Bromobenzenesulfonates