Structure Based Design of Non-Natural Peptidic Macrocyclic Mcl-1 Inhibitors
摘要:
Mcl-1 is a pro-apoptotic BH3 protein family member similar to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Overexpression of Mcl-1 is often seen in various tumors and allows cancer cells to evade apoptosis. Here we report the discovery and optimization of a series of non-natural peptide Mcl-1 inhibitors. Screening of DNA-encoded libraries resulted in hit compound 1, a 1.5 mu M Mcl-1 inhibitor. A subsequent crystal structure demonstrated that compound 1 bound to Mcl-1 in a beta-turn conformation, such that the two ends of the peptide were close together. This proximity allowed for the linking of the two ends of the peptide to form a macrocycle. Macrocyclization resulted in an approximately 10-fold improvement in binding potency. Further exploration of a key hydrophobic interaction with Mcl-1 protein and also with the moiety that engages Arg256 led to additional potency improvements. The use of protein-ligand crystal structures and binding kinetics contributed to the design and understanding of the potency gains. Optimized compound 26 is a <3 nM Mcl-1 inhibitor, while inhibiting Bcl-2;at only 5 mu M and Bcl-xL at >99 mu M, and induces cleaved caspase-3 in MV4-11 cells with an IC50 of 3 mu M after 6 h.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile and octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors
Based on the previous work in our group and the principle of computer-aided drug design, a series of novel beta-amino pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives was designed and synthesized. Compounds 81 and 91 were efficacious and selective DPP4 inhibitors resulting in decreased blood glucose in vivo. Compound 81 had moderate DPP4 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.05 mu M) and good oral bioavailability (F = 53.2%). Compound 91 showed excellent DPP4 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.01 mu M), good selectivity (selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 898.00; DPP9/DPP4 = 566.00) against related peptidases, and good efficacy in an oral glucose tolerance tests in ICR mice and moderate PR profiles (F = 22.8%, t(1/2) = 2.74 h). Moreover, compound 91 did not block hERG channel and exhibited no inhibition of liver metabolic enzymes such as CYP2C9. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Rodent selectivity of piperidine-4-yl-1H-indoles, a series of CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonists: Insights from a receptor model
作者:Jan M. Kriegl、Domnic Martyres、Marc A. Grundl、Ralf Anderskewitz、Horst Dollinger、Georg Rast、Bernhard Schmid、Peter Seither、Christofer S. Tautermann
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.063
日期:2015.1
Rodent selectivity data of piperidine-4-yl-1H-indoles, a series of CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonists, are presented and discussed as part of an overall optimization effort within this lead compound class. Although attachment of an acidic moiety to the 1-position of the indole led to an overall balanced in vitro profile, in particular reducing inhibition of the hERG channel, potency on the rat and mouse receptor worsened. These findings could be rationalized in the context of a CCR3 homology model. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.