Pharmacophore Refinement Guides the Design of Nanomolar-Range Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Light Chain Inhibitors
摘要:
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the deadliest of microbial toxins. The enzyme's zinc(II) metalloprotease, referred to as the light chain (LC) component, inhibits acetylcholine release into neuromuscular junctions, resulting in the disease botulism. Currently, no therapies counter BoNT poisoning postneuronal intoxication; however it is hypothesized that small molecules may be used to inhibit BoNT LC activity in the neuronal cytosol. Herein, we describe the pharmacophore-based design and chemical synthesis of potent [non-zinc(II) chelating] small molecule (nonpeptidic) inhibitors (SMNPIs) of the BoNT serotype-A LC (the most toxic of the BoNT serotype LCs). Specifically the three-dimensional superimpositions of 2-[4-(4-amidinephenoxy)-phenyl]indole-6-amidine-based SMNPI regionisomers [K-i = 0.600 mu M (+/-0.100 mu M)], with a novel lead bis-[3-amide-5-(imidazolino) phenyl]terephthalamide (BAIPT)-based SMNPI [K-i = 8.52 mu M (+/-0.53 mu M)], resulted in a refined four zone pharmacophore. The refined model guided the design of BAIPT-based SMNPIs possessing K-i values = 0.572 (+/-0.041 mu M) and 0.900 mu M (0.078 mu M).
Provided are among other things ansamitocin derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these novel ansamitocin derivatives, methods for the production of the ansamitocin derivatives and their use for the treatment of cancer.
This invention relates to the field of biologically active compounds and specifically to novel ansamitocin derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these novel ansamitocin derivatives, methods for the production of the ansamitocin derivatives of the general formula (I):
and their use for the treatment of cancer.
<i>N</i>-Benzyl Benzamide Derivatives as Selective Sub-Nanomolar Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Possible Treatment in Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease
almost equal to the treatment with 1 mg/kg rivastigmine, against the cognitive impairment induced by Aβ1–42. The pharmacokinetics studies characterized the metabolic stability of S11-1014. Thus, N-benzyl benzamide inhibitors are promising compounds with drug-like properties for improving cognitive dysfunction, providing a potential strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’sdisease.