Metal-Ion-Promoted Cleavage, Isomerization, and Desulfurization of the Diastereomeric Phosphoromonothioate Analogues of Uridylyl(3‘,5‘)uridine
作者:Mikko Ora、Markku Peltomäki、Mikko Oivanen、Harri Lönnberg
DOI:10.1021/jo972112n
日期:1998.5.1
Metal-ion-promoted hydrolytic reactions of the S-P and R-P diastereomers of the phosphoromonothioate analogues of uridylyl(3',5')uridine [3',5'-Up(s)U] and their cleavage products, diastereomeric uridine 2',3'-cyclic phosphates [2',3'-cUMPS], were followed by HPLC, as a function of pH (4.7-5.6) and metal ion concentration (1-10 mmol L-1). With 3',5'-Up(s)U, three reactions compete: (i) cleavage to 2',3'-cUMPS, (ii) isomerization to 2',5'-Up(s)U, and (iii) desulfurization to an equilibrium mixture of 2',5'- and 3',5'-UpU. Of these, the cleavage to 2',3'-cUMPS is markedly accelerated by Zn2+ Cd2+, and Gd3+, the rate enhancements observed with the S-P isomer at [Mz+] = 5 mmol L-1 and pH 5.6 (T = 363.2 K) being 410-, 3600-, and 2000-fold, respectively. The effect of Mn2+ and Mg2+ on the cleavage rate is, in turn, modest (6- and 1.7-fold acceleration, respectively). The rate-accelerations are almost equal with the S-P and R-P diastereomers. The metal-ion-promoted reaction is first-order in both the hydroxide and metal ion concentration, and it proceeds by inversion of configuration at phosphorus, consistent with an in-line displacement mechanism. The isomerization and desulfurization are much less susceptible to metal ion catalysis: 6.4- and 7.7-fold accelerations were observed with Zn2+, respectively. Gd3+ does not promote these reactions at all. The isomerization proceeds by retention of configuration at phosphorus, consistent with formation of a pentacoordinated thiophosphorane intermediate having the entering 2'-hydroxy group apical and the leaving 3'-hydroxy equatorial, and subsequent pseudorotation posing the leaving group apical. The hydrolysis of 2',3'-cUMPS is accelerated by metal ions slightly more efficiently than the cleavage of 3',5'-Up(s)U to 2',3'-cUMPS. In striking contrast to the reactions of 3',5'-Up(s)U, the hydrolytic desulfurization to 2',3'-cUMP is accelerated as efficiently as its endocyclic hydrolysis to uridine 2'- and 3'-phosphoromonothioates [2'- and 3'-UMPS]. Somewhat unexpectedly, the latter compounds were observed to undergo metal-ion-promoted cyclization/desulfurization to 2',3'-cUMP. The hydrolysis of 2'- or 3'-UMPS to uridine was, in turn, observed to be retarded by metal ions. The mechanisms of the partial reactions are discussed.