Photocatalyst-controlled and visible light-enabled selective oxidation of pyridinium salts
作者:Xiang-Jun Peng、Hai-Ping He、Qian Liu、Kun She、Bao-Qi Zhang、Heng-Shan Wang、Hai-Tao Tang、Ying-Ming Pan
DOI:10.1007/s11426-020-9958-6
日期:2021.5
methods of photocatalytic-controlled and visible light-induced selective oxidation of pyridiniums with air as the terminal oxidant. The key to these transformations is to choose the appropriate light source and photocatalyst. Pyridiniums are successfully converted into pyrroles through oxygen-mediated cycloaddition, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), pyridine ring opening, and recyclization. The
A Multifunctional Reagent Designed for the Site-Selective Amination of Pyridines
作者:Patrick S. Fier、Suhong Kim、Ryan D. Cohen
DOI:10.1021/jacs.0c03537
日期:2020.5.13
We report the development of a multifunctional reagent for the direct conversion of pyridines to Boc-protected 2-aminopyridines with exquisite site selectivity and chemoselectivity. The novel reagent was prepared on 200-g scale in a single step, reacts in the title reaction under mild conditions without precautions toward air or moisture, and is tolerant of nearly all common functionality. Experimental and in situ spectroscopic monitoring techniques provide detailed insights and unexpected findings for the unique reaction mechanism.
Clotrimazole Scaffold as an Innovative Pharmacophore Towards Potent Antimalarial Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Biological and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies
We describe herein the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of an innovative class of antimalarial agents based on a polyaromatic pharmacophore structurally related to clotrimazole and easy to synthesize by low-cost synthetic procedures. SAR studies delineated a number of structural features able to modulate the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. A selected set of antimalarials was further biologically investigated and displayed low in vitro toxicity on a panel of human and murine cell lines. In vitro, the novel compounds proved to be selective for free heme, as demonstrated in the beta-hematin inhibitory activity assay, and did not show inhibitory activity against 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylase (a fungal P450 cytochrome). Compounds 2, 4e, and 4n exhibited in vivo activity against P. chabaudi after oral administration and thus represent promising antimalarial agents for further preclinical development.
WO2007/104696
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Chlorpheniramine Analogues Reverse Chloroquine Resistance in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> by Inhibiting PfCRT
作者:Karen J. Deane、Robert L. Summers、Adele M. Lehane、Rowena E. Martin、Russell A. Barrow
DOI:10.1021/ml5000228
日期:2014.5.8
The emergence and spread of malaria parasites that are resistant to chloroquine (CQ) has been a disaster for world health. The antihistamine chlorpheniramine (CP) partially resensitizes CQ-resistant (CQR) parasites to CQ but possesses little intrinsic antiplasmodial activity. Mutations in the parasite's CQ resistance transporter (PfCRT) confer resistance to CQ by enabling the protein to transport the drug away from its site of action, and it is thought that resistance-reversers such as CP exert their effect by blocking this CQ transport activity. Here, a series of new structural analogues and homologues of CP have been synthesized. We show that these compounds (along with other in vitro CQ resistance-reversers) inhibit the transport of CQ via a resistance-conferring form of PfCRT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore, the level of PfCRT-inhibition was found to correlate well with both the restoration of CQ accumulation and the level of CQ resensitization in CQR parasites.