Dinuclear Ag(i) metallamacrocycles of bis-N-heterocyclic carbenes bridged by calixarene fragments: synthesis, structure and chemosensing behavior
作者:Cai-Xia Lin、Xiao-Fei Kong、Qing-Shan Li、Zheng-Zhi Zhang、Yao-Feng Yuan、Feng-Bo Xu
DOI:10.1039/c3ce40918j
日期:——
Dinuclear Ag(I) metallamacrocycles containing bis-N-heterocyclic carbene units and calixarene fragments [1,1′-R2-3,3′-CH2(p-R1-C6H2OMe)CH2}m-bisimidazol-2-ylidene}2-Ag2](PF6)2 (6a–f), (6a: m = 1, R1 = Me, R2 = Me; 6b: m = 1, R1 = t-Bu, R2 = Me; 6c: m = 1, R1 = Me, R2 = naphthylmethyl; 6d: m = 1, R1 = Me, R2 = anthrylmethyl; 6e: m = 2, R1 = Me, R2 = anthrylmethyl; 6f: m = 3, R1 = t-Bu, R2 = anthrylmethyl) were synthesized by reacting silver oxide with the corresponding bis-imidazolium salts (5a–f). Single crystal structural analyses reveal that metallamacrocycles of diverse sizes consisting of two NHC–Ag(I)–NHC units and two calixarene fragments are found in the structures of these dinuclear complexes. These complexes show different configurations with the change of the upper-rims (R1) of the calixarene fragments or N-substituents (R2) of the NHC rings. The two bis-NHC ligands in the complexes generally adopt trans-conformations except for the pair in 6b. Complexes 6a and 6c–d, in which R1 are methyl groups, show rectangular cavities in their structures. Complex 6b, in which R1 are tert-butyl groups of great steric hindrance, adopts cone conformation analogous to that of the calixarene. Interestingly, cation–π interactions are present between Ag(I) and the π–electron rich arene ring of R2 in the structures of complexes 6c–f. Intermolecular C–H⋯F hydrogen bonds exist in the crystal packing of all these complexes. Moreover, intermolecular Ag⋯Ag interactions are found in complex 6a and intermolecular π–π interactions are observed in complexes 6c–f. These intermolecular interactions lead to the formation of 2D supramolecular layers in complex 6c and 3D supramolecular networks in complexes 6a–b and 6d–f, respectively. The fluorescent chemosensing behaviors of these metallamacrocycles were explored for some neutral molecules. The results showed that 6d can behave as an efficient fluorescent chemosensor for p-benzoquinone and 6e–f exhibit fluorescent quenching behaviors for C60 or C70 fullerenes.
含有双氮杂环卡宾单元和卡唑片段的双核Ag(I)金属大环[1,1′-R2-3,3′-CH2(p-R1-C6H2OMe)CH2}m-bisimidazol-2-基}2-Ag2](PF6)2(6a–f)通过与相应的双咪唑盐(5a–f)反应合成。单晶结构分析表明,这些双核配合物的结构中包含由两个NHC–Ag(I)–NHC单元和两个卡唑片段组成的不同尺寸的金属大环。这些配合物随着卡唑片段的上缘(R1)或NHC环的N取代基(R2)的变化显示出不同的构型。配合物中的两个双NHC配体通常呈反式构象,唯有6b中的一对例外。配合物6a和6c–d中,R1为甲基,在其结构中显示出矩形腔。配合物6b中,R1为具有较大空间位阻的叔丁基,采用类似于卡唑的锥形构象。有趣的是,在配合物6c–f的结构中存在阳离子–π相互作用,即Ag(I)与R2的富电子芳烃环之间的相互作用。所有这些配合物的晶体堆积中都存在分子间C–H⋯F氢键。此外,配合物6a中发现了分子间Ag⋯Ag相互作用,而配合物6c–f中观察到了分子间π–π相互作用。这些分子间相互作用导致在配合物6c中形成二维超分子层,而在配合物6a–b及6d–f中形成三维超分子网络。对这些金属大环的荧光化学传感行为进行了探讨,结果显示6d能够作为一种高效的荧光化学传感器用于对抗苯醌,6e–f则对C60或C70富勒烯表现出荧光猝灭行为。