The conjugation of carbohydrates to synthetic scaffolds has the goal of preparing potent inhibitors of lectin binding. We herein report the synthesis of a panel of bivalent compounds (cyclophane and terephthalamide-derivatives) then used to establish the influence of scaffold flexibility on respective inhibitory potency in a medically relevant test system. Synthetic routes to two phenylenediamine-based glycocyclophanes involving Ugi reactions of glucuronic acid derivatives and subsequent ring closing metathesis are described, as are improvements for producing terephthalamide-based carbohydrate carriers. Assays were performed with human tumour cells measuring quantitatively the influence of the test compounds on fluorescent surface staining by labelled lectins. Biological evaluation using two different lines of cancer cells as well as cells with known alterations in the glycomic profile (cells treated with an inhibitor of glycan processing and a glycosylation mutant) reduced the risk of generating premature generalizations regarding inhibitor potency. Bioactivity relative to free mannose was invariably determined for the synthetic compounds. A clear trend for enhanced inhibitory properties for macrocyclic compounds compared to non-macrocyclic derivatives was discerned for one type of glycocyclophane. Herein we also document the impact of altering the spacing between the mannose residues, altering cell surface ligand density and cell-type reactivity. The applied strategy for the cell assays is proposed to be of general importance in the quest to identify medically relevant lectin inhibitors.
将
碳水化合物与合成支架共轭的目的是制备有效的凝集素结合
抑制剂。我们在此报告了一组二价化合物(环烷和对苯二甲酰胺-衍
生物)的合成过程,然后用来确定支架的灵活性在医学相关测试系统中对各自抑制效力的影响。文中介绍了两种
苯二胺基糖环烷的合成路线,包括
葡萄糖醛酸衍
生物的乌基反应和随后的闭环偏析,以及生产对苯二甲酰胺基
碳水化合物载体的改进方法。用人类肿瘤细胞进行了试验,定量测量了试验化合物对标记凝集素荧光表面染色的影响。使用两种不同的癌
细胞系以及已知糖型改变的细胞(使用糖加工
抑制剂和糖基化突变体处理的细胞)进行
生物评估,降低了过早概括
抑制剂效力的风险。合成化合物相对于游离
甘露糖的
生物活性始终是确定的。与非大环衍
生物相比,一种类型的糖环烷明显具有增强大环化合物抑制性的趋势。在此,我们还记录了改变
甘露糖残基间距、改变细胞表面
配体密度和细胞类型反应性的影响。我们提出的细胞试验应用策略在寻找医学相关凝集素
抑制剂的过程中具有普遍意义。