2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-O-trichloroacetimidoyl-α-D-galactopyranose

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-O-trichloroacetimidoyl-α-D-galactopyranose
• 英文别名: 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate；2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetamidate；2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate；[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-tribenzoyloxy-6-(2,2,2-trichloroethanimidoyl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate
• 化学式: C₃₆H₂₈Cl₃NO₁₀
• 分子量: 740.978
• InChiKey: KTHFOWIANASXOK-KHSPHJBMSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  9.2
• 重原子数：
  50
• 可旋转键数：
  15
• 环数：
  5.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.19
• 拓扑面积：
  148
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  11

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-O-trichloroacetimidoyl-α-D-galactopyranose 在 三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯 、 sodium methylate 作用下， 以 甲醇 、 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 15.67h， 生成 β-D-Galp-(1->3)-β-D-Galp-O-CH3
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Porcine liver (2 → 3)-α-sialyltransferase: substrate specificity studies and application of the immobilized enzyme to the synthesis of various sialylated oligosaccharide sequences

  摘要：

  In search of substrate analogues for the porcine liver beta-D-Galp-(1 --> 3)-D-Galp-NAc: CMP-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3')-alpha-sialyltransferase, three disaccharides beta-D-Galp-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-Galp-O-CH3 (5), beta-D-Galp-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-(2-OAc)-Galp-O-CH3 (7) and beta-D-Galp-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-(2-OAc)-Galp-O-Bn (11) were synthesized and tested with the enzyme. Disaccharide 7 turned out to be a very good substrate allowing a rapid access to the trisaccharide alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 --> 3)-P-D-(2-OAc)-Galp-O-CH3 (13) on a preparative scale using the crude enzyme immobilized on cationic exchanger. Trisaccharide 13 was further exploited, first as a sialyl donor in Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase catalyzed reaction and second through acetolysis reaction as a source for the synthon alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-D-Gal (16). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00043-8
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  alpha-D-半乳糖 在 吡啶 、 氢溴酸 、 caesium carbonate 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 26.0h， 生成 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-O-trichloroacetimidoyl-α-D-galactopyranose
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Mitochondrial Affinity of Guanidine-rich Molecular Transporters Built on Monosaccharide Scaffolds: Stereochemistry and Lipophilicity

  摘要：

  我们合成了八种基于四种不同单糖支架的G8分子转运体（MTs），并研究了它们的生物特性，特别关注可能的线粒体靶向性和组织选择性。这些MT的线粒体亲和力明显与支架的立体化学相关，也与疏水性有一定联系。可以建议，在针对大脑和线粒体疾病的药物实际递送策略中，应将血脑屏障渗透性和线粒体亲和力视为关键参数，并且通过进一步研究富含胍的分子转运体的结构—性质关系，增强线粒体亲和力是可行的。

  DOI：

  10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.7.2286

文献信息

• CARBOHYDRATE CONJUGATES AS DELIVERY AGENTS FOR OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
  申请人：Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

  公开号：US20160051691A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-02-25

  The present invention provides iRNA agents comprising at least one subunit of the formula (I): wherein: A and B are each independently for each occurrence O, N(R N ) or S; X and Y are each independently for each occurrence H, OH, a hydroxyl protecting group, a phosphate group, a phosphodiester group, an activated phosphate group, an activated phosphite group, a phosphoramidite, a solid support, —P(Z′)(Z″)O-nucleoside, —P(Z′)(Z″)O-oligonucleotide, a lipid, a PEG, a steroid, a lipophile, a polymer, —P(Z′)(Z″)O-Linker-OP(Z′″)(Z″″)O-oligonucleotide, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, —P(Z′)(Z″)-formula(I), —P(Z′)(Z″)— or -Linker-R; R is L G , -Linker-L G , or has the structure shown below: L G is independently for each occurrence a carbohydrate, e.g., monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide; R N is independently for each occurrence H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, or benzyl; and Z′, Z″, Z′″ and Z″″ are each independently for each occurrence O or S.

  本发明提供了包含至少一个式(I)的亚单位的iRNA试剂： 其中： A和B分别独立于每次出现O、N(RN)或S； X和Y分别独立于每次出现H、OH、一个羟基保护基团、一个磷酸基团、一个磷酸二酯基团、一个活化磷酸基团、一个活化亚磷酸基团、一个磷酰胺基团、一个固相支持、-P(Z')(Z″)O-核苷、-P(Z')(Z″)O-寡核苷酸、一个脂质、一个PEG、一个类固醇、一个亲脂物质、一个聚合物、-P(Z')(Z″)O-连接子-OP(Z′″)(Z″″)O-寡核苷酸、一个核苷酸、一个寡核苷酸、-P(Z')(Z″)-式(I)、-P(Z')(Z″)-或-连接子-R； R是LG、-连接子-LG，或具有下面所示结构： LG独立于每次出现的是一种碳水化合物，例如，单糖、双糖、三糖、四糖、寡糖、多糖； RN独立于每次出现的是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或苄基； Z'、Z″、Z′″和Z″″分别独立于每次出现的是O或S。
• Synthesis of pennogenyl saponin analogs using three methods
  作者：Shouqin Zhang、Jinsong Zhang、Changzheng Wang

  DOI：10.1007/s11172-006-0498-2

  日期：2006.10

  The synthesis of pennogenyl saponins and related compounds using three popular methods of glycosylation has been reported for the first time. Glycosyl halides, glycosyl trichloroacetimidates, and thioglycosides were used as glycosyl donors in the reactions with pennogenin as the glycosyl acceptor. The reactions occur selectively with the C(3)OH group due to the difference in steric accessibility of the hydroxyl groups at the C(3) and C(17) atoms of pennogenin. This makes it possible to synthesize a series of pennogenyl saponins without C(17)OH group protection.

  首次报道了利用三种常见糖基化方法合成 pennogenyl 皂苷及相关化合物的情况。在以 pennogenin 为糖基受体的反应中，采用了糖基卤化物、糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯和硫代糖苷作为糖基供体。反应由于 pennogenin 的 C(3) 和 C(17) 原子上羟基的空间可及性差异，选择性地发生在 C(3)OH 基团上。这使得合成一系列不含 C(17)OH 保护基团的 pennogenyl 皂苷成为可能。
• Synthesis of a set of sulfated and/or phosphorylated oligosaccharide derivatives from the carbohydrate–protein linkage region of proteoglycans
  作者：Jean-Claude Jacquinet

  DOI：10.1016/j.carres.2006.02.011

  日期：2006.7

  The synthesis of a set of various sulfoforms and/or phosphoforms as 7-methoxy-2-naphthyl glycosides of beta-D-Xylp, beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Xylp, and beta-D-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Xylp, structures encountered in the common carbohydrate-protein linkage region of proteoglycans, is reported for the first time. These molecules will serve as probes for systematic studies of the substrate

  一组合成为β-D-Xylp，β-D-Galp-（1→4）-β-D-Xylp和β的7-甲氧基-2-萘基糖的磺基形式和/或磷酸形式据报道-D-Galp-（1-> 3）-beta-D-Galp-（1-> 4）-beta-D-Xylp在蛋白聚糖的常见碳水化合物-蛋白质连接区域中遇到的结构第一次。这些分子将作为探针用于系统地研究蛋白聚糖生物合成早期步骤中涉及的糖基转移酶的底物特异性。使用关键中间体（被设计为常见的前体）实现了简单多样的制备。
• Synthesis of pennogenyl saponins using three methods
  作者：S. Q. Zhang、J. S. Zhang、C. Z. Wang

  DOI：10.1007/s10600-007-0153-7

  日期：2007.7

  The synthesis of pennogenyl saponins using three important methods of glycosylation is reported in this article. Six correlative compounds (7–12) were first synthesized. As donors (1–6), glycosyl halide, trichloroimidate, and thioglycoside were chosen to study their reaction with the acceptor pennogenin. In these reactions the difference in steric hindrance between 3-OH and 17-OH of pennogenin was utilized skillfully and only the 3-hydroxyl group of pennogenin could be connected with each kind of donors selectively. There was no reaction at the 17-hydroxyl group, which had no protection. The characteristic above makes it convenient to synthesize compounds of pennogenyl saponins.

  本文报道了利用三种重要糖基化方法合成Pennogenyl皂苷。首先合成了6个相关化合物（7-12）。作为供体（1-6），选择了糖基卤化物、三氯咪唑和硫代糖苷与受体Pennogenin反应。在这些反应中巧妙地利用了Pennogenin的3-OH和17-OH之间的立体障碍差异，仅使Pennogenin的3-羟基能够选择性地与每种供体连接。未受保护的17-羟基没有反应。上述特点使得合成Pennogenyl皂苷化合物变得方便。
• SnCl₄- and TiCl₄-Catalyzed Anomerization of Acylated <i>O</i>- and <i>S</i>-Glycosides: Analysis of Factors That Lead to Higher α:β Anomer Ratios and Reaction Rates
  作者：Wayne Pilgrim、Paul V. Murphy

  DOI：10.1021/jo101090f

  日期：2010.10.15

  glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid derivatives were ∼10 to 3000 times faster than those of related glucoside and galactopyranoside counterparts and α:β ratios were generally also higher. Stereoelectronic effects contributed from galacto-configured compounds were up to 2-fold faster than those of corresponding glucosides. The introduction of groups, including protecting groups, which are increasingly electron

  讨论了影响SnCl 4和TiCl 4催化的异构化反应速率和立体选择性的因素的定量，以及这如何影响α- O-和α- S-糖脂的合成。SnCl 4催化的18种底物的β- S-和β- O-糖苷的阴离子化反应遵循一级平衡动力学，得到k f + k r值，其中k f是正向反应的速率常数（β→ α）和k r是逆反应的速率常数（α→β）。比较k f + k r值表明，葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸衍生物的反应比相关的葡萄糖苷和吡喃半乳糖苷对应物的反应快约10至3000倍，并且α：β比率通常也更高。由半乳糖配置的化合物产生的立体电子效应比相应的糖苷的高达快2倍。越来越多地释放电子的基团（包括保护基）的引入通常导致速率提高。S-糖苷的异构化速度始终快于相应的O-糖苷。与TiCl 4的反应通常比与SnCl 4的反应更快。端基异构体的比例取决于路易斯酸，路易斯酸的当量数，温度和底物。对于TiCl 4促进的反应，观察到O