参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 用于研究药物诱导肝损伤的FDA批准药物标签,药物发现今日,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank:根据人类发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。药物发现今日 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Intravenous iodinated contrast media are poorly excreted into breastmilk and poorly absorbed orally so they are not likely to reach the bloodstream of the infant or cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants. Guidelines developed by several professional organizations state that breastfeeding need not be disrupted after a nursing mother receives an iodine-containing contrast medium. However, because there is no published experience with iodipamide during breastfeeding, other agents may be preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
To characterize the saturation kinetics of iodipamide, timed samples of blood, urine, and bile were taken from two unanesthetized dogs infused with iodipamide at increasing rates to achieve various steady state blood concentrations. Biliary excretion rate of iodipamide reached an asymptote with increasing blood concentration, indicating a biliary transport maximum (Tm) of 15.2 to 16.2 mgI/min. Urinary excretion was not a pure, first order process and urinary excretion rate was higher than the glomerular filtration rate corrected for plasma protein binding, suggesting that active tubular secretion may play a part. Extrarenal elimination followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Estimates of maximum rate (Vm) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) were obtained graphically. The estimated values of Vm were 4 to 6 times that of biliary Tm. In acute infusion experiments the iodipamide excreted in the bile and urine and that remaining in the organs analyzed accounted for only a fraction of the dose administered; no significant accumulation of iodipamide was found in the liver.
The contrast agent for biliary tract visualization, iodipamide, is strongly bound to serum albumin. The relationship between the affinity of the contrast agent for albumin and its preferential uptake and excretion by the liver has been unclear. The role of serum albumin on hepatic uptake and excretion of iodipamide therefore was investigated on the isolated perfused rabbit liver. With the perfusate containing fully reconstituted rabbit plasma protein or 3.5 g/100 mL rabbit albumin alone, the iodipamide excretion is initially extremely slow. It then increases gradually to about 6 mug/gm liver per min by 60 minutes and thereafter remains constant. The half-time of transfer to the bile is about 130 min. Without albumin in the perfusate the initial clearance rate of iodipamide is rapid, with half-time transfer to the bile of about 40 min. Rabbit serum globulins have no effect on iodipamide excretion. Thus, binding of iodipamide to albumin retards the transfer of iodipamide from plasma to the bile, probably due to competition between albumin and the anion binding protein of the liver.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
对比剂通过粪便排出体外,不经过肝肠循环,但大约10%的静脉给药剂量通过肾脏排泄。
The contrast medium is eliminated in the feces without passing through the enterohepatic circulation, except for approximately 10 percent of the intravenously administered dose which is excreted through the kidneys.
GLUTATHIONE-CHOLESTEROL DERIVATIVES AS BRAIN TARGETING AGENTS
申请人:South Dakota Board of Regents
公开号:US20200048305A1
公开(公告)日:2020-02-13
The present invention describes compositions containing cholesterol-linker-glutathione conjugates for targeting the brain by overcoming barrier entry to the CNS through the blood brain barrier (BBB), including micelle and liposome forms of such compositions. In addition, methods for treating subjects by administering such compositions are also disclosed.
Controlled Release of Nitric Oxide And Drugs From Functionalized Macromers And Oligomers
申请人:Bezwada Rao S.
公开号:US20120035259A1
公开(公告)日:2012-02-09
The present invention provides NO and, optionally, drug releasing macromers and oligomers wherein the drug molecule and NO releasing moiety are linked an absorbable macromer or oligomeric chain susceptible to hydrolytic degradation and wherein the macromer or oligomer comprises of repeat units derived from safe and biocompatible molecules such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, caprolactone and p-dioxanone. Furthermore, the present invention relates to controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) and/or drug molecule from a NO and drug releasing macromer or oligomer. Moreover, the present invention also relates to medical devices, medical device coatings and therapeutic formulations comprising of nitric oxide and drug releasing macromers and oligomers of the present invention.
The present invention relates to the discovery of a new class of hydrolysable isocyanates, hydrolysable branched polyols and branched absorbable polyesters and polyurethanes prepared therefrom. The resultant absorbable polymers are useful for drug delivery, stents, highly porous foam, reticulated foam, tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, adhesion prevention, bone wax formulations, medical device coatings, surface modifying agents and other implantable medical devices. In addition, these absorbable polymers can have a controlled hydrolytic degradation profile.
Functionalized drugs and polymers derived therefrom
申请人:Bezwada S. Rao
公开号:US20060172983A1
公开(公告)日:2006-08-03
Compounds selected from:
where DRUG-OH, DRUG-COOH and DRUG-NH
2
are biologically active compounds; each X is independently selected from —CH
2
COO— (glycolic acid moiety), —CH(CH
3
)COO— (lactic acid moiety), —CH
2
CH
2
OCH
2
COO— (dioxanone moiety), —CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COO— (caprolactone moiety), —(CH
2
)
y
COO—, where y is 2-4 or 6-24 and —(CH
2
CH
2
O)
z
CH
2
COO—, where z is 2-24; each Y is independently selected from —COCH
2
O— (glycolic ester moiety), —COCH(CH
3
)O— (lactic ester moiety), —COCH
2
OCH
2
CH
2
O— (dioxanone ester moiety), —COCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
O— (caprolactone ester moiety), —CO(CH
2
)
m
O—, where m is 2-4 or 6-24 and —COCH
2
O(CH
2
CH
2
O)
n
— where n is between 2-24; R′ is hydrogen, benzyl or an alkyl group, the alkyl group being either straight-chained or branched; and p is 1-6. Multi-functional compounds and drug dimers, oligomers and polymers are also disclosed.
AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES AND ABSORBABLE POLYMERS THEREFROM
申请人:Bezwada Biomedical, LLC
公开号:US20160257643A1
公开(公告)日:2016-09-08
The present invention relates to the discovery of new class of hydrolysable amino acid derivatives and absorbable polyester amides, polyamides, polyepoxides, polyureas and polyurethanes prepared therefrom. The resultant absorbable polymers are useful for drug delivery, tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, adhesion prevention, bone wax formulations, medical device coatings, stents, stent coatings, highly porous foams, reticulated foams, wound care, cardiovascular applications, orthopedic devices, surface modifying agents and other implantable medical devices. In addition, these absorbable polymers should have a controlled degradation profile.