Malformations in hatched chicks were produced by direct application of 1-2 mg of cyclopamine to the embryonic shield of windowed chicken eggs. This showed that maternal metabolic alteration of cyclopamine was not necessary. /PRC: Cyclopamine is a member of the jerveratum group as is jervine/. /CYCLOPAMINE/
INCORPORATION OF ACETATE-1-(14)C, CHOLESTEROL-4-(14)C, & OF CHOLESTEROL-26-(14)C INTO JERVINE & VERATRAMINE GAVE A LABELING PATTERN CONSISTENT WITH THE HYPOTHESIS THAT A KEY INTERMEDIATE DERIVED FROM EPIRUBIJERVINE WAS CONVERTED INTO THE C-NOR-D-HOMOSTEROIDAL ALKALOIDS (JERVINE & VERATRAMINE) BY SEPARATE PATHWAYS IN VERATRUM GRANDIFLORUM.
Jervine's biological activity is mediated via its interaction with the 7 pass trans membrane protein smoothened. Jervine binds with and inhibits smoothened, which is an integral part of the hedgehog signaling pathways. With smoothened inhibited, the GLI1 transcription cannot be activated and hedgehog target genes cannot be transcribed. (Wikipedia) It is now known that the teratogenic effects of jervine and cyclopamine are due to their specific inhibition of vertebrate cellular responses to the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted growth factors. (A15438) In cultures with cyclopamine, jervine, or blocking antibody, fungiform papilla numbers doubled on the dorsal tongue with a distribution that essentially eliminated inter-papilla regions, compared with tongues in standard medium or solanidine. (A15439)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 其他中枢神经系统神经毒素
Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Several species of the Veratrum genus are associated with toxicity in humans and animals. The principal toxins are steroid alkaloids; some have a modified steroid template, whereas others differ in their esterified acid moieties. These alkaloids act by increasing the permeability of the sodium channels of nerve cells, causing them to fire continuously. Increased stimulation, associated with the vagal nerve results in a reflex that causes the triad of responses known as the Bezold-Jarisch reflex: hypotension, bradycardia and apnea. Clinically, various Veratrum extracts were marketed for use as antihypertensive drugs, but because of their narrow therapeutic index were withdrawn from the market. Following the ingestion of Veratrum alkaloids, expected signs and symptoms include vomiting and abdominal pain, followed by cardiovascular effects such as bradycardia, hypotension and cardiac conduction abnormalities and death. Similar symptoms arise in other mammalian species ingesting these alkaloids; teratogenic effects may occur to the fetuses of animals that have grazed on Veratrum californicum. Treatment consists of supportive care, with an emphasis on hemodynamic stability with fluid replacement, atropine and vasopressors. The onset of symptoms occurs between 30 minutes and 4 hours, and the duration of the illness can range from 1 to 10 days; however, with prompt supportive care, patients typically make a full recovery within 24 hours.
Veratrum californicum was responsible for large losses of sheep grazing high mountain ranges in central Idaho in the 1950s. Veratrum induces various birth defects including the cyclopic-type craniofacial defect (monkey-faced lambs) that is specifically induced in lambs after pregnant ewes grazed the plant on the 14th day of gestation. The steroidal alkaloids cyclopamine (1) and jervine (2) were isolated from Veratrum and shown to be primarily responsible for the malformations. Cyclopamine (1) and jervine (2) are potent teratogens that inhibit Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling during gastrulation-stage embryonic development, producing cyclopia and holoprosencephaly. Although losses to the sheep industry from Veratrum are now relatively infrequent, occasional incidents of toxicoses and craniofacial malformations are still reported in sheep and other species...
[EN] 1,2,4-OXADIAZOLE SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINE AND PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES AS SMO ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PIPÉRIDINE OU PIPÉRAZINE SUBSTITUÉS PAR 1,2,4-OXADIAZOLE COMME ANTAGONISTES DE SMO
申请人：ANGELETTI P IST RICHERCHE BIO
公开号：WO2010013037A1
公开（公告）日：2010-02-04
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers or tautomers thereof which are inhibitors of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, in particular Smo antagonists. Thus the compounds of this invention are useful for the treatment of diseases associated with abnormal hedgehog pathway activation, including cancer, for example basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, prostate, pancreatic, breast, colon, bone and small cell lung cancers, and cancers of the upper GI tract.
HETEROCYCLIC INHIBITORS OF AN Hh-SIGNAL CASCADE, MEDICINAL COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON AND METHODS FOR TREATING DISEASES CAUSED BY THE ABERRANT ACTIVITY OF AN Hh-SIGNAL SYSTEM
申请人：Ivaschenko Andrey Alexandrovich
公开号：US20110053915A1
公开（公告）日：2011-03-03
The invention relates to novel heterocyclic compounds and to the use thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions containing said chemical compounds as an active ingredient and to the use thereof for producing medicinal preparations for the human being and warm-blood animals for treating diseases caused by the aberrant activity of an Hedgehog (Hh)-signal system, in particular oncological diseases. The invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned compounds in the form of ‘molecular pharmacological tools’ for examining (in vitro and in vivo) the biochemical features of the Hh-signal system, in particular, the interaction of Hh protein and transmembrane proteins, namely, suppressor Patched (Ptc) and protooncogenic proteins. The eight groups of the claimed compounds comprise the derivatives of 2,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine-7-one and 1,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b][1,4]thiazine-5-one; N-acidylated 4-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-il-anilines; ([4H-thino[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-il) carbonyl]piperidine-4-carbonic acid amides; 2-(4carbomoilpyperidine-1-il)-isonicotinic acid amides; N-sylphonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carbonic acid amides; and pyridine 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c] N-acidylated 3-azole derivatives.
[EN] MODULATORS OF HEDGEHOG (HH) SIGNALLING PATHWAY<br/>[FR] MODULATEURS DE LA VOIE DE SIGNALISATION HEDGEHOG (HH)
申请人：E THERAPEUTICS PLC
公开号：WO2018078360A1
公开（公告）日：2018-05-03
There are described compounds of formula (I): and there use as a medicament in the treatment of conditions involving abnormal activation and/or malfunction of the of the hedgehog pathway, such as cancer, fibrosis and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD).
[EN] UNSATURATED BICYCLIC HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES AS SMO ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES BICYCLIQUES INSATURÉS UTILISÉS COMME ANTAGONISTES DE SMO
申请人：ANGELETTI P IST RICHERCHE BIO
公开号：WO2010082044A1
公开（公告）日：2010-07-22
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or tautomers thereof which are inhibitors of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, in particular Smo antagonists. Thus the compounds of this invention are useful for the treatment of diseases associated with abnormal hedgehog pathway activation, including cancer, for example basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, prostate, pancreatic, breast, colon, bone and small cell lung cancers, and cancers of the upper GI tract.
[EN] SATURATED BICYCLIC HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES AS SMO ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES BICYCLIQUES SATURÉS EN TANT QU'ANTAGONISTES DE SMO
申请人：ANGELETTI P IST RICHERCHE BIO
公开号：WO2010023480A1
公开（公告）日：2010-03-04
The present invention relates to compounds of formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or tautomers thereof which are inhibitors of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, in particular Smoantagonists. Thus the compounds of this invention are useful for the treatment of diseases associated with abnormal hedgehog pathway activation, including cancer, for example basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, prostate, pancreatic, breast, colon, bone and small cell lung cancers, and cancers of the upper GI tract.
