海兔毒素是一种源自海洋生物的独特化合物,主要发现自长尾背肛海兔的消化腺中。作为线性缩肽类天然细胞毒性蛋白,它仅对癌细胞有杀灭作用,而不会影响正常细胞,因此被视作潜在的抗癌剂。
海兔概述 海兔是一种雌雄同体的生物,栖息于海底,身体裸露,其生殖孔之间通过卵精沟相连。目前已知约3000多种不同的海兔种类,广泛分布在全球各大海域。
海兔毒素的由来与结构 海兔毒素属于海洋生物毒素的一种,源于特定食藻软体动物长尾背肛海兔的消化腺。它是一种九肽分子,在自然界中的含量极低,具有显著的抗癌活性。截至目前,已经鉴定出18种含有特殊氨基酸的较短链状肽类化合物,并命名为dolastatin 1-18。其中Dolastatin3、Dolastatin10(简称D10)和Dolastatin15的结构已被确定;而D10是研究最为深入的一种,通常作为海兔毒素的代表。
Dolastatin10的详细介绍 D10是一种由4个氨基酸组成的线性缩肽类天然细胞毒性蛋白。从氨基端开始依次为dolavaline(Dov)、valine、dolaisoleuine(Dil)和dolaproine(Dap),以及特异性的可能源自苯丙氨酸的伯胺dolaphenie(Doe),这些氨基酸通过缩合形成九肽结构。尽管D10通常被视为5肽产物,但由于其含有9个不对称碳原子,故被称为九肽分子。它的相对分子质量为784。
此外,天然生成的D-10产量极低,现有的合成方法和路径仅限于实验室规模,无法满足日益增长的需求。研究的关键挑战在于高效立体选择性合成具有三个手性中心的Dolaproine(Dap),这是合成D10中最复杂的组分之一。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | (S)-tert-butyl 2-((1R,2R)-1,3-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 179039-97-5 | C15H27NO5 | 301.383 |
(2R,3R)-3-[(2S)-1-[(叔丁氧基)羰基]吡咯烷-2-基]-3-羟基-2-甲基丙酸 | (2R,3R)-3-[(2S)-1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid | 133565-38-5 | C13H23NO5 | 273.329 |
(S)-1-BOC-2-((1R,2R)-1-羟基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯)基吡咯 | N-Boc-dolaproine-methyl | 164456-57-9 | C14H25NO5 | 287.356 |
—— | ethyl (2R,3R,4S)-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate | 135383-58-3 | C15H27NO5 | 301.383 |
—— | ethyl (2S,3R,4S)-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate | 135500-35-5 | C15H27NO5 | 301.383 |
(S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(苄氧基)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-氧代丙基)吡咯烷-1-甲 | benzyl (2R,3R,2'S)-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate | 149606-97-3 | C21H31NO5 | 377.481 |
(S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(苄氧基)-1-羟基-2-甲基-3-氧代丙基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸 | benzyl (2R,3R,2'S)-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate | 163768-51-2 | C20H29NO5 | 363.454 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2S)-1-methoxy-2-methylbut-3-en-1-yl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 159173-43-0 | C15H27NO3 | 269.384 |
(2S,1’R,2’S)-N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-2-(1’-羟基-2’-甲基-3’-丁烯)-吡咯烷 | (2S,1'R,2'S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(1'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-3'-butenyl)-pyrrolidine | 159173-40-7 | C14H25NO3 | 255.357 |
—— | tert-butyl 2-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-hydroxyallyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 602325-71-3 | C14H23NO5 | 285.34 |
—— | <2S-<2R*<(R*),α(S*),β(S*)>>>-1-<(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>-β-methoxy-α-methyl-2-pyrrolidinepropanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1,2,2-triphenylethyl ester | 133164-07-5 | C34H41NO6 | 559.703 |
—— | <2S-<2R*<(R*),α(R*),β(S*)>>>-1-<(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>-β-methoxy-α-methyl-2-pyrrolidinepropanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1,2,2-triphenylethyl ester | 133120-84-0 | C34H41NO6 | 559.703 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-2-[[(1S)-2-phenyl-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl]ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 120205-54-1 | C25H35N3O4S | 473.637 |
Boc-L-脯氨酸甲酯 | (S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)proline methyl ester | 59936-29-7 | C11H19NO4 | 229.276 |
—— | <2S-<2R*<(R*),α(R*),β(S*)>>>-1-<(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>-β-hydroxy-α-methyl-2-pyrrolidinepropanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1,2,2-triphenylethyl ester | 133120-83-9 | C33H39NO6 | 545.676 |
—— | (S)-tert-butyl 2-((1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyloxazolidin-3-yl)-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 180715-99-5 | C24H34N2O6 | 446.544 |
BOC-L-脯氨酸 | 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-proline | 15761-39-4 | C10H17NO4 | 215.249 |
N-Boc-L-脯氨醇 | Boc-Pro-ol | 69610-40-8 | C10H19NO3 | 201.266 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-[(4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 133645-51-9 | C23H32N2O6 | 432.517 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | (S)-tert-butyl 2-((1R,2R)-1,3-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 179039-97-5 | C15H27NO5 | 301.383 |
(S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(苄氧基)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-氧代丙基)吡咯烷-1-甲 | benzyl (2R,3R,2'S)-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate | 149606-97-3 | C21H31NO5 | 377.481 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-fluoro-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1307229-36-2 | C14H24FNO4 | 289.347 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-{[2-(cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1438851-81-0 | C23H36N2O4 | 404.55 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-{(1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]propyl}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 149606-89-3 | C22H34N2O4 | 390.523 |
—— | N-Boc-Dap-4-hydroxyphenethylamide | 1307229-20-4 | C22H34N2O5 | 406.522 |
(S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(((1S,2R)-1-羟基-1-苯基丙-2-基)氨基)-1- | tert-butyl (S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(((1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 160800-65-7 | C23H36N2O5 | 420.549 |
—— | (2R,3R)-3-{(2S)-1-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoic acid | 863971-41-9 | C24H27NO5 | 409.482 |
—— | N-Boc-Dap-6-aminoquinoIine | 1307229-35-1 | C23H31N3O4 | 413.517 |
—— | 3-O-acetyl-28-amino-N-(Boc-Dap)-betulin | —— | C46H76N2O6 | 753.119 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-{(1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]-3-thioxopropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1438851-46-7 | C22H34N2O3S | 406.59 |
—— | (2R,3R)-methyl 3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)propanoate | 179040-04-1 | C10H19NO3 | 201.266 |
—— | N-Boc-Dap-2-aminoquinoline | 1307229-32-8 | C23H31N3O4 | 413.517 |
—— | Dov-Val-Dil-Dap | 163768-53-4 | C31H58N4O7 | 598.824 |
—— | Boc-Dap-Phe-tetrazole | 920017-34-1 | C23H34N6O4 | 458.561 |
—— | methyl N-{(2R,3R)-3-[(2S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpropanethioyl}-L-phenylalaninate | 1438851-60-5 | C24H36N2O5S | 464.626 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-2-[[(1S)-2-phenyl-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl]ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 120205-54-1 | C25H35N3O4S | 473.637 |
—— | N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-dolaproinyl-(6R)-dolaphenine | 153668-71-4 | C25H35N3O4S | 473.637 |
—— | tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[(2S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]oxy-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 173180-10-4 | C39H53NO6Si | 659.938 |
—— | Boc-Dil-Dap-Doe | 148597-90-4 | C35H54N4O6S | 658.903 |
—— | 3,4-methylenedioxy-5,4'-dimethoxy-3'-(Nα-Boc-Dap)-amido-Z-stilbene | 865717-80-2 | C31H40N2O8 | 568.667 |