Insol in water; very sol in benzene; miscible in alcohol and ether
蒸汽密度:
1.9 (Air= 1)
蒸汽压力:
1260 mm Hg @ 25 °C
大气OH速率常数:
2.61e-11 cm3/molecule*sec
分解:
1,2-Butadiene decomposes to complex product mixtures when irradiated at short (147 nm) and intermediate (220-260 nm) wavelength light. Photodecomposition products for the 220-260 nm include: methylacetylene, 1-butyne, and allene. Similar products were found after photolysis 147 nm along with an unidentified polymer.
汽化热:
23.426 kJ/mol @ 25 °C
聚合:
1,2-Butadiene ... polymerizes on heating.
折光率:
Index of refraction: 1.4205 @ 1 °C/D;
保留指数:
450;448;441;427
稳定性/保质期:
存在于烟气中。
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
1
重原子数:
4
可旋转键数:
0
环数:
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
0.25
拓扑面积:
0
氢给体数:
0
氢受体数:
0
ADMET
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合征
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
If contact of the liquid form of 1,3-butadiene with the skin occurs, frostbite may develop. If frostbite develops, cover the frostbitten part with a warm hand or woolen material. If the fingers or hand are frostbitten, have the victim hold his hand in his armpit next to his body. Then place the frostbitten part in warm water, about 42 °C (108 °F). If warm water is not available, or is impractical to use, wrap the affected part gently in blankets. Let the circulation re-establish itself naturally. Encourage the victim to exercise the affected part while it is being warmed.
In the event of an emergency, institute first aid procedures & send for first aid or medical assistance. If liquid butadiene gets into the eyes, wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water, lifting the lower & upper lids occasionally. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. If liquid butadiene gets on the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If liquid butadiene soaks through the clothing, remove the clothing immediately & flush the skin with water. Do not use hot water for flushing. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. If a person breathes in large amounts of butadiene, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm & allow person to rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure. If the exposed person has been overcome, notify someone else & put into effect the established emergency rescue procedure. Do not become a casualty. Understand the facility's emergency rescue procedures & know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises.
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory rest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
An extremely short-lived 1,4-biradical as intermediate in the photo-cycloaddition reactions of triplet state aromatic thiones with allenes
作者:Johan Kamphuis、Hendrik J. T. Bos、Robert J. Visser、Bert H. Huizer、Cyril A. G. O. Varma
DOI:10.1039/p29860001867
日期:——
of the aromatic thione in the thermal reaction with an allene and log ka depend linearly on the ionization energy of the allene. Previous suggestions that the 1,4-biradical has a triplet state exciplex as precursor are rejected on the basis of the similarity of these relations and because of the fact that there is no difference in the effect on ka and kt caused by deuteriation of the allene.
Delayed catalyst function enables direct enantioselective conversion of nitriles to NH<sub>2</sub>-amines
作者:Shaochen Zhang、Juan del Pozo、Filippo Romiti、Yucheng Mu、Sebastian Torker、Amir H. Hoveyda
DOI:10.1126/science.aaw4029
日期:2019.4.5
rates. Zhang et al. developed an amine synthesis in which allenes and nitriles are coupled under reductive conditions. A copper catalyst was charged with successively borylating the allene, coupling the intermediate to the nitrile, and then enantioselectively reducing that next intermediate to the amine. However, formation and reaction of the copper-boryl complex were too slow relative to a competing
The dicarbonylation of 1,3‐butadiene to adipic acid derivatives offers the potential for a more cost‐efficient and environmentally benign industrial process. However, the complex reaction network of regioisomeric carbonylation and isomerization pathways, make a selective and direct transformation particularly difficult. Here, we report surprising solvent effects on this palladium‐catalysed process
将1,3-丁二烯二羰基化为己二酸衍生物可为更具成本效益和环境友好的工业生产提供潜力。然而,区域异构体羰基化和异构化途径的复杂反应网络使得选择性和直接转化特别困难。在这里,我们报道了在存在1,2-双-二叔丁基膦膦-二甲苯(d t bpx)配体的情况下,钯催化的这一过程产生了令人惊讶的溶剂影响,这些配体允许由1,3-丁二烯,碳形成己二酸酯二酯。一氧化碳和甲醇,在可扩展条件下具有97%的选择性和100%的原子经济性。在最佳条件下,可以以高至极好的收率获得各种1,2-和1,3-二烯的二酯和三酯。
Ligand-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Allenes: Regioselective Synthesis of α,β- and β,γ-Unsaturated Esters
The palladium-catalyzedregioselective alkoxycarbonylation of allenes with aliphatic alcohols allows to produce synthetically useful α,β- and β,γ-unsaturated esters in good yields. Efficient selectivity control is achieved in the presence of appropriate ligands. Using Xantphos as the ligand, β,γ-unsaturated esters are produced selectively in good yields. In contrast, the corresponding α,β-unsaturated
Cu‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Preparation of 2‐(Pinacolato)boron‐Substituted Allylcopper Complexes and their In Situ Site‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Additions to Aldehydes and Ketones
作者:Fanke Meng、Hwanjong Jang、Byunghyuck Jung、Amir H. Hoveyda
DOI:10.1002/anie.201301018
日期:2013.5.3
Sustainable, efficient, selective: A three‐component, single‐vessel Cu‐catalyzed method for chemo‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective conversion of B2(pin)2, monosubstituted allenes, and aldehydes or ketones to 2‐B(pin)‐substituted homoallylic alkoxides is described. Subsequent functionalization delivers valuable products in up to >98:2 d.r. and 97:3 e.r. (see scheme).
可持续、高效、选择性:一种三组分、单容器铜催化方法,用于 B 2 (pin) 2、单取代丙二烯和醛或酮向 2-B(pin) 的化学、非对映和对映选择性转化描述了-取代的高烯丙基醇盐。随后的功能化可提供高达 >98:2 dr 和 97:3 er 的有价值的产品(参见方案)。