毒理性
识别和使用：矿物油是一种无色的油性液体。它用于制药制剂（加工助剂，肠道润滑剂），化妆品（冷霜，头发制品），食品添加剂（脱模剂，粘合剂，浮选密封剂，消泡剂，保护涂层），食品包装和加工，化学和塑料工业（加工介质，稀释剂，塑化剂）以及动物饲料产品。人体研究：它可以应用于人眼而不会引起不适或刺激的迹象。据报道，在全身吸收矿物油后，肝脏、脾脏或肠系膜淋巴结中会出现异物肉芽肿或石蜡瘤。肺脂质肉芽肿是局部脂质性肺炎，通常在成年人中发现，这是由于长时间通过鼻腔、口腔或咽部给药大量矿物油的习惯性使用所致。在接受胸部矿物油治疗永久性肺萎陷（油胸）的个体中观察到腹膜脂质肉芽肿；注意到该物质无意中进入了腹腔。在20世纪40年代，油胸（石蜡油灌注）被广泛用于治疗尖端结核病患者。油填塞应在几年后取出；然而，由于油胸通常无症状，取出并不常见。这些老年患者有晚期并发症的风险，如油胸破裂和油脂吸入。注射矿物油以改变物理形态是一种过时的程序，从1899年复活，被健美运动员作为肌肉注射类固醇的替代方案。石蜡油具有破坏性的后果：皮肤炎症，硬性水肿，无菌脓肿，弥漫性淋巴管炎和石蜡瘤。动物研究：将30毫升矿物油注射到兔子的腹腔内，发现异常高的频率（2.8%）的广泛中期在腹膜腔内。在373只给予三次0.5毫升矿物油的剂量的小鼠中，发现了58%的浆细胞瘤。一组30只大鼠在饮食中接受了2%的矿物油（总剂量，136毫升/动物在500天内）；没有报告显著的肿瘤诱导。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Mineral oil is a colorless oily liquid. It is used in pharmaceutical preparations (processing aids, intestinal lubricants), cosmetics (cold creams, hair preparations), food applicants (release agents, binders, flotation sealants, defoaming agents, protective coatings), food packaging and processing, chemical and plastics industry (processing medium, extenders, plasticizers), and animal feed products. HUMAN STUDIES: It can be applied to human eyes without causing discomfort or signs of irritation. Foreign-body granulomas or paraffinomas in the liver, spleen, or mesenteric lymph nodes have been reported following systemic absorption of mineral oil. Lipid granulomas of the lung are localized lipid pneumonia, usually found in adults as a result of habitual use of large amounts of mineral oil by nasal, oral or pharyngeal administration for prolonged periods of time. Peritoneal lipid granuloma was observed in an individual who received mineral oil in the chest for a permanent collapse of the lung (oleothorax); it was noted that the substance had been introduced inadvertently into the abdominal cavity. In the 1940s, oleothorax (paraffin oil instillation) was widely used to treat patients with apical tuberculosis. The oil plombage should have been removed after a few years; however, since oleothoraces were usually asymptomatic, removal was uncommon. These elderly patients are at risk of late complications, such as rupture of the oleothorax and aspiration of oil. Injection of mineral oil to change physical configuration is an obsolete procedure from 1899, revived by bodybuilders as an alternative to intramuscular injections of steroids. Paraffin oil has destructive consequences: skin inflammation, hard edema, sterile abscesses, diffuse lymphangitis and paraffinomas. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rabbits injected ip with 30 mL mineral oil scored an unusually high frequency (2.8%) of well-spread metaphases in the peritoneal cavity. Plasmacytomas were found in 58% of 373 mice given three 0.5-mL doses of mineral oil. A group of 30 rats received 2% mineral oil in the diet (total dose, 136 mL/animal in 500 days); no significant tumor induction was reported.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
