2,4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚可用作医药合成中间体,如用于制备五氯柳胺(Oxyclozanide),又名羟氯柳胺、羟氯柳苯胺和羟氯扎胺。它属于卤代水杨酰替苯胺类化合物,是一种水杨酰苯胺类驱虫药,主要用于治疗和控制牛羊等动物的吸虫病。与其他水杨酰苯胺类驱虫药相似,五氯柳胺是一种氧化磷酸化解偶联剂,其作用机制是抑制虫体线粒体的磷酸化过程,阻止虫体内三磷酸腺苷(ATP)即能量的产生,从而导致虫体因能量代谢紊乱而死亡。
应用五氯柳胺的主要应用方式包括:作为口服顿服药单独给药、与盐酸左旋咪唑或奥芬达唑联合给药,以及以粉剂的形式混合至饲料中给药。近年来发现五氯柳胺不仅对牛羊肝片吸虫有较好的驱虫效果,而且对绦虫、线虫也有活性,并且其毒性低、无残留,因此在驱虫药市场得到了广泛应用。
化学性质中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
4-氯-2-硝基苯酚 | p-chloro-o-nitrophenol | 89-64-5 | C6H4ClNO3 | 173.556 |
2-硝基-4,6-二氯苯甲醚 | 2,4-dicloro-6-nitroanisole | 37138-82-2 | C7H5Cl2NO3 | 222.028 |
硝苯酚 | 2-hydroxynitrobenzene | 88-75-5 | C6H5NO3 | 139.111 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2-硝基-4,6-二氯苯甲醚 | 2,4-dicloro-6-nitroanisole | 37138-82-2 | C7H5Cl2NO3 | 222.028 |
4-氯-2,6-二硝基苯酚 | 4-chloro-2,6-dinitrophenol | 88-87-9 | C6H3ClN2O5 | 218.553 |
(2,4-二氯-6-硝基苯基)乙酸酯 | acetic acid-(2,4-dichloro-6-nitro-phenyl ester) | 37169-10-1 | C8H5Cl2NO4 | 250.038 |
4,6-二氯-2-氨基苯酚 | 2,4-dichloro-6-aminophenol | 527-62-8 | C6H5Cl2NO | 178.018 |
2-(2,4-二氯-6-硝基苯氧基)乙酸乙酯 | Ethyl (2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenoxy)acetate | 921611-71-4 | C10H9Cl2NO5 | 294.091 |
3,5-二氯-2-甲氧基苯胺 | 3,5-dichloro-2-methoxyaniline | 33353-68-3 | C7H7Cl2NO | 192.045 |
—— | 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate | —— | C7H2Cl2F3NO5S | 340.064 |
Depression is one of the most prevalent disorders in the general population, causing personal and social disability and impairment. Major studies assessing the diagnosis and management of depression have shown that it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. A pan-European study aimed at assessing the extent and consequences of depression in six different countries is reported in this article. Different types of depressive profiles are analyzed and their respective management has been compared. The importance of improving diagnosis and treatment of depression is underlined. Appropriate management of depression depends on the recognition of depressive symptoms by patients, their possibility of seeking care, and the ability of the primary care physician to recognize the disorder and prescribe the appropriate medicines. Improvement in all of these fields is necessary.