毒理性
识别和使用：3-己烯醇是一种无色液体。它具有强烈的、新鲜割草的气味和新鲜绿色、果味。它从包括草、三叶草、紫花苜蓿、葡萄、洋葱、桃子和橡树等多种植物中释放到空气中。它存在于几乎所有植物的绿色部分。据报道，它存在于多种精油和许多果汁中，并且是烟草烟雾的一个组成部分。3-己烯醇用作香水、家用清洁剂和食品调味料的香料。人类暴露和毒性：在4%的凡士林中测试，3-己烯醇在人类48小时封闭贴片测试后没有引起刺激。惰性气体加臭可以用来警告封闭空间内的工人。一项心理物理学研究将3-己烯醇作为氩气加臭的候选物质进行了研究。在氩气中，3-己烯醇的检测阈值为19 ppb。3-己烯醇在缺乏或存在肝脏酶代谢系统的情况下，均未引起人类淋巴细胞染色体畸变频率的统计学显著增加。动物研究：3-己烯醇在大鼠和小鼠中的LD50口服剂量在7-10 g/kg范围内，腹腔注射剂量在0.4-0.6 g/kg范围内。在310和1250 ppm的剂量下没有观察到效果，但是在5000 ppm组的雄性中，饮用水摄入量与对照相比有所减少，相对肾脏重量增加，在负荷水后前2小时内收集的尿液更加浓缩。在雌性中，这一水平的唯一发现是暂时性贫血。在另一项研究中，将3-己烯醇原液涂抹在兔皮上24小时未产生刺激。在大鼠中，分析了Fos蛋白，作为研究吸入绿色气味（由反式-2-己烯醛和3-己烯醇混合物组成）对急性应激和重复应激引起的与应激相关的前脑区域神经活化的影响的一种方式。绿色气味对应激诱导的皮质酮反应、体重减轻和肾上腺肥大有抑制作用。在另一项研究中，通过口服途径在大鼠中以100、300和1000 mg/kg/天的剂量水平评估了生殖毒性。根据研究结果，认为雌雄两性的普通毒性的NOAEL为1000 mg/kg/天，这是测试的最高剂量水平。对3-己烯醇在L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞线TK +/-位点的潜在诱变性进行了评估。3-己烯醇在TK +/-位点未引起L5178Y细胞突变频率的毒理学显著增加，因此在测试条件下被认为是不具有诱变性的。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 3-Hexenol is a colorless liquid. It has a strong, fresh-cut grass odor and a fresh green, fruity taste. It is released to the air from a variety of plants including grass, clover, alfalfa, grapes, onions, peaches and oak trees. It is present in the green parts of nearly all plants. It is reported to be found in several essential oils and in many fruit juices and is a component of tobacco smoke. 3-Hexenol is used as a fragrance in perfumes, household cleaners, and food flavoring. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Tested at 4% in petrolatum, 3-hexenol produced no irritation after a 48 hour closed patch test in humans. Odorization of inert gas can serve to warn workers in an enclosed space. A psychophysical investigation examined 3-hexenol as a candidate for the possible odorization of argon. The detection threshold for 3-hexenol in argon was 19 ppb. 3-Hexenol did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of human lymphocytes with chromosome aberrations in either the absence or presence of a liver enzyme metabolizing system. ANIMAL STUDIES: The LD50 of 3-hexenol in rats and mice was in the range of 7-10 g/kg by the oral route and 0.4-0.6 g/kg by the intraperitoneal route. No effects were seen at 310 and 1250 ppm, but in males of the 5000-ppm group the intake of drinking water was reduced compared with controls, the relative kidney weight was increased and the urine collected in the first 2 hr after a water load was more concentrated. In females, the only finding was a transitory anemia at this level. In another study, 3-hexanol applied at full strength to rabbit skin for 24 hours produced no irritation. In rats, an analysis of Fos protein was performed as a way of investigating the effects of inhalation of green odor (a mixture of of trans-2-hexenal and 3-hexenol) on the neuronal activations in stress-related forebrain regions induced by acute and repeated stress. Green odor had inhibitory effects on the stress-induced corticosterone response, body-weight loss, and adrenal hypertrophy. In another study, the reproductive toxicity via the oral route was assessed in rats at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day. Based on the results of the study, a NOAEL for general toxicity in males and females was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose level tested. The potential mutagenicity of 3-hexenol on the thymidine kinase, TK +/-, locus of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line was assessed. 3-Hexenol did not induce any toxicologically significant increases in the mutant frequency at the TK +/- locus in L5178Y cells and is therefore considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of the test.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
