我们报告了涡旋反应器的构造和使用,该涡旋反应器使用一个快速旋转的圆柱体来产生泰勒涡旋,以进行连续流动的热和光化学反应。反应器设计为在产生涡旋所需的条件下运行。旋涡的流动模式已经使用计算流体动力学来表示,并且旋涡的存在可以通过观察反应器内的气泡流而容易地可视化。该方法为与添加气体的反应提供了某些优势。对于与氧气的反应,该反应器提供了传统设置的替代选择,因为它可以有效地从实验室吸入空气,而无需专门用氧气加压。由涡流产生的快速混合使得能够在气相和液相之间进行快速的质量传递,从而允许气体的高效溶解。该反应器已应用于涉及单线态氧的几种光化学反应(1 O 2),包括α-萜品烯和糠醇的光氧化作用以及苯基硼酸的光脱氧作用。事实证明,圆筒的旋转速度是反应效率的关键,在操作中,我们发现以4000 rpm的速度吸入的空气最高。该反应器也已成功地用于合成青蒿素,一种有效的抗疟化合物。在涡旋中以一个单一过程进行了三步合成,该过程包括由二氢青蒿酸与1
[EN] PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF ARTEMISININ AN ITS PRECURSORS<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION D'ARTÉMISININE ET DE SES PRÉCURSEURS
申请人:AMYRIS BIOTECHNOLOGIES INC
公开号:WO2009088404A1
公开(公告)日:2009-07-16
The present invention provides processes for the preparation of artemisinin and its precursors including amorphadiene, amorphadiene epoxide, dihydroartemisinic alcohol and dihydroartemisinic acid. Specifically, artemisinin is prepared by multi-step synthetic processes from amorphadiene, amorphadiene epoxide, dihydroartemisinic alcohol or dihydroartemisinic acid. Processes for the preparation of amorphadiene, amorphadiene epoxide, dihydroartemisinic alcohol and dihydroartemisinic acid are also disclosed.
On the conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid into artemisinin
作者:Nancy Acton、Ronald J. Roth
DOI:10.1021/jo00039a020
日期:1992.6
Mechanistic possibilities for the title conversion are discussed. By determining the oxygen 18-induced chemical shifts in the C-13 NMR spectrum of labeled 3, some of these mechanisms can be eliminated. Minor products obtained in the oxidative conversion of 2 into 3 have been identified.