Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-propanone (1,1,1-TCP) has been identified as a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water supplies. Since little was known of its oral toxicity, exposure studies were conducted with male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (10 males and 10 females/group) exposed by corn oil gavage at 0, 16, 48, 161, or 483 mg/kg for 10 days or 0, 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg for 90 days. Evaluations included mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross pathology, and histopathology. In the 10-day study, severe toxicity was observed at the highest dose level, since most treated animals (8/10 males and 7/10 females) died. Toxicity was also noted at 161 and 48 mg/kg. At 161 mg/kg, 2 males died and an increase in liver weights in both sexes was observed. Acanthosis and hyperkeratosis of the forestomach was present in males and females at 48 mg/kg and above. In the 90-day study, toxicity was significant at 270 mg/kg, with acanthosis and hyperkeratosis of the forestomach evident in most animals and ataxia in about one-half of them. Retinal degeneration, increased serum potassium, and increased blood urea nitrogen were present in females and increased blood calcium in males at that same dose level. Acanthosis and hyperkeratosis were observed in both sexes, and retinal degeneration was prominent in 2 females at 90 mg/kg. It was concluded that 16 mg/kg was the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for the 10-day study while 30 mg/kg was the NOAEL for the 90-day exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to 1,1,1,-trichloro-2-propanone.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在正常洗澡条件下，两种卤代酮（1,1-二氯丙酮和1,1,1-三氯丙酮）和氯仿通过皮肤吸收的情况通过收集和分析六名受试者在30分钟洗澡期间和之后呼出的气体样本的时间变化进行了检查。洗澡时，呼出气体中的消毒副产物浓度逐渐增加至最大浓度。皮肤接触期间卤代酮的最大呼气浓度在0.1至0.9微克/立方米之间，大约比接触期间氯仿的最大呼气浓度低两个数量级。根据单室模型，氯仿、1,1-二氯丙酮和1,1,1-三氯丙酮的体内渗透性分别近似为0.015、7.5 x 10^-4和4.5 x 10^-4厘米/小时。因此，在正常洗澡条件下，卤代酮通过人类皮肤的渗透性远低于氯仿。
... Dermal absorption of two haloketones (1,1-dichloropropanone and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone) and chloroform while bathing, /were examined/ by collecting and analyzing time profiles of expired breath samples of six human subjects during and following a 30-min bath. The disinfection byproduct concentrations in breath increased towards a maximum concentration during bathing. The maximum haloketone breath concentration during dermal exposure ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ug /cu m, which was approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum chloroform breath concentration during exposure. Based on a one-compartment model, the in vivo permeability of chloroform, 1,1-dichloropropanone, and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone were approximated to be 0.015, 7.5 x 10- 4, and 4.5 x 10- 4 cm /hr, respectively. Thus, haloketones are much less permeable across human skin under normal bathing conditions than is chloroform...
Asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamic acid derivatives by in situ generated dioxiranes of chloroacetones: scope and limitations
摘要：
Efficient epoxidation of chiral cinnamic acid derivatives has been achieved by in situ generated dioxiranes of chloroacetones with moderate to good diastereoselectivity (dr up to 90:10) in high yields. Reactivity of cinnamic acid derivatives containing different chiral auxiliaries versus chloroacetones-monochloroacetone 3 (MCA), 1,1-dichloroacetone 4 (DCA) and 1,1,1-trichloroacetone 5 (TCA) and Oxone (TM) loading was studied. Both Oxone (TM) loading and reaction time reduce with an increase of chlorine atoms in the acetone. The use of 1.1 equiv of TCA was found to be effective for the epoxidation of cinnamate substrates and enhances the reaction up to 4-10-fold compared to acetone and that also decreases the Oxone (TM) loading. This method provided methyl (2R,3S)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)glycidate (-)-2, a key intermediate for the synthesis of diltiazem hydrochloride, with >99% of enantiomeric purity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Trichloromethyl ketones: asymmetric transfer hydrogenation and subsequent Jocic-type reactions with amines
作者：Michael S. Perryman、Matthew E. Harris、Jade L. Foster、Anushka Joshi、Guy J. Clarkson、David J. Fox
DOI：10.1039/c3cc46070c
日期：——
Amino-amides are important pharmaceutical building-blocks. The enantioselective reduction of trichloromethyl ketones using ruthenium transfer hydrogenation catalysts is reported. The products react in a range of Jocic-type reactions to give enantiomerically enriched amino-amides.
A kinetic and mechanistic study of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with some halogenated acetones and their atmospheric implications
作者：Sin�ad Carr、Dudley E. Shallcross、Carlos E. Canosa-Mas、John C. Wenger、Howard W. Sidebottom、Jack J. Treacy、Richard P. Wayne
DOI：10.1039/b304298g
日期：——
Rate coefficients for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and chlorine atoms with a series of halogenated acetones of the type CX3COCH3 (X = H, Cl, F) have been determined using a photolytic relative-rate technique at T = 298 K and at 760 Torr total pressure. The reactions studied and the rate coefficients obtained are shown in the table. ReactionReaction number Rate coefficient/cm3 molecule−1 s−1
Thirty tertiary propargylic carbinols have been prepared by condensing propargyl bromide with ketones. Some of them showed better hypnotic activity than 3-methylpentyn-3-01. The best compound of the series was 1-chloro-2-chloromethylpent-4-yn-2-01 which proved to be a very effective hypnotic with a favourable therapeutic index.
combined with chlorine (UV/chlorine) was used to degrade naproxen (NPX), a typical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used for the treatment of symptoms associated with inflammation, in water. Compared with UV irradiation alone and direct chlorination, the UV/chlorine process shows a synergistic effect on NPX degradation. The effects of different factors, including the chlorine dose, solution
CHIRAL TETRAAMINOPHOSPHONIUM SALTS, CATALYST FOR ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHIRAL beta-NITROALCOHOL
申请人：OOI Takashi
公开号：US20090131716A1
公开（公告）日：2009-05-21
A chiral tetraaminophosphonium salt represented by formula (1) and a method for producing chiral β-nitroalcohol comprising reacting an aldehyde or a ketone and a nitroalkane in the presence of the chiral tetraaminophosphonium salt represented by formula (1) and a base, or in the presence of a conjugated base of the chiral tetraaminophosphonium salt represented by formula (1):
wherein R
1
to R
4
are independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; and, R
1
and R
2
are different groups or R
3
and R
4
are different groups.
