Synthesis of Novel Class of <i>N</i>-Alkyl-isatin-3-iminobenzoic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Activity in Zebrafish Embryos and Human Cancer Cell Lines
作者:Muhammad Farooq、Zainab Mohammed Al Marhoon、Nael Abu Taha、Almohannad Abdulrahman Baabbad、Mohammed Ahmed Al-Wadaan、Ayman El-Faham
DOI:10.1248/bpb.b17-00674
日期:——
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and many of its derivatives are reported to have pharmacological properties. In this study, we report the synthesis and biological activity of a new class of N-alkyl-isatin-3-iminobenzoic acid derivatives prepared via the condensation of N-alkyl isatin with 4-aminobenzoic acid by conventional, microwave, and ultrasonic methods. Microwave irradiation yielded the products in a shorter reaction time with higher yields and purities. The compounds were screened in zebrafish embryos, and also in three human cancer cell lines (MCF7, HepG2, and Jurkat) and one normal human cell line i.e., human foreskin cell line (HFF-1). Two compounds (3c, 3f) were found to be highly effective against hematopoiesis in live zebrafish embryo at 10 µM concentration. The developmental stage-dependent treatment indicated that these compounds interfered with the differentiation of hemangioblasts to hematopoietic cells in zebrafish embryos. The comparative screening of semaxanib (SU5416) (a known isatin derivatives), to compounds synthesized in this study, revealed the contrasting effects of these two classes of isatin derivatives on zebrafish hematopoiesis. Most of the N-alkyl-isatin-3-iminobenzoic acid derivatives were toxic on cancer and non-cancer tested human cells lines, however, the compounds 3c and 3f specifically affected the cell viability of Jurkat cells (human hematological cell line) with least IC50 values of 16.5 and 7.8 µM. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that the substitution pattern of the isatin at the 5-position was vital for activity. The in vivo and in vitro biological activities of these compounds suggested their potential use as pharmaceutical compounds for human leukemia treatment.
吲哚醌(1H-吲哚-2,3-二酮)及其许多衍生物被报道具有药理活性。在本研究中,我们报告了一类新型N-烷基-吲哚醌-3-亚胺苯甲酸衍生物的合成及其生物活性,这些衍生物是通过N-烷基吲哚醌与4-氨基苯甲酸通过常规、微波和超声方法缩合制备的。微波辐照以较短的反应时间和较高的产率和纯度产生了产物。这些化合物在斑马鱼胚胎中进行了筛选,也在三种人类癌细胞系(MCF7、HepG2和Jurkat)和一种正常人细胞系即人包皮细胞系(HFF-1)中进行了筛选。两种化合物(3c、3f)在10µM浓度下对活斑马鱼胚胎的造血作用非常有效。发育阶段依赖性治疗表明,这些化合物干扰了斑马鱼胚胎中成血管细胞向造血细胞的分化。对semaxanib(SU5416)(一种已知的吲哚醌衍生物)与本研究中合成的化合物的比较筛选揭示了这两类吲哚醌衍生物对斑马鱼造血作用的相反效应。大多数N-烷基-吲哚醌-3-亚胺苯甲酸衍生物对测试的人类癌症和非癌症细胞系具有毒性,然而,化合物3c和3f特异性地影响了Jurkat细胞(人类血液细胞系)的细胞存活率,其IC50值分别为16.5和7.8µM。结构-活性关系(SAR)分析表明,吲哚醌在5-位上的取代模式对活性至关重要。这些化合物的体内和体外生物活性表明它们有可能作为人类白血病治疗的药物化合物。