毒理性
氮三氟化物是一种无色气体,有霉味。它在电子制造业中用作清洗气室的气体。由于氮三氟化物在常温下易于处理,因此在高功率化学激光器中,它比F2更受欢迎。它还是高能量燃料和化学合成的氧化剂。人类暴露和毒性:氮三氟化物是一种简单的窒息剂。五名志愿者在100和500 ppm的氮三氟化物浓度下暴露2到3分钟。在100 ppm时没有检测到气味,但在500 ppm时,五人中有一个人报告能检测到气味。动物研究:氮三氟化物具有中等的急性吸入毒性,可导致由于高铁血红蛋白血症引起的缺氧死亡。急性吸入还会导致一些大鼠肝脏和肾脏的轻微组织学变化,以及脾脏的肿大和变黑。在大鼠急性吸入后,血清谷氨酸-草酰乙酸转氨酶水平基本上未受影响。在9600 ppm氮三氟化物中暴露60分钟后存活的狗表现出海因茨体包含溶血、贫血、红细胞压积降低、血红蛋白降低、红细胞计数减少,以及与高铁血红蛋白形成导致的组织毒性缺氧的临床症状。在29天内接受9次腹腔注射10 mL氮三氟化物气体的兔子表现出脾脏肿大、肝脏病理变化和心肌变性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nitrogen trifluoride is a colorless gas with a moldy odor. It is used as a chamber-cleaning gas in the manufacture of electronics. Nitrogen trifluoride is preferred to F2 in high-power chemical lasers because of its ease of handling at ambient temperatures. It is also an oxidizer for high-energy fuels, chemical synthesis. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Nitrogen trifluoride is a simple asphyxiant. Five volunteers were exposed to nitrogen trifluoride at concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm for 2 to 3 minutes. No odor was detected at 100 ppm, but one of the five reported the odor detectable at 500 ppm. ANIMAL STUDIES: Nitrogen trifluoride has a moderate acute inhalation toxicity causing anoxic deaths due to methemoglobinemia. Acute inhalation also results in slight histologic changes in the liver and kidneys of some rats and enlargement and darkening of the spleen. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels in the rats were essentially unaffected after acute inhalation. Dogs surviving exposure at 9600 ppm for 60 minutes exhibited Heinz body-included hemolysis, anemia, decreased hematocrit, decreased hemoglobin, reduced red blood cell count, and clinical signs consistent with histotoxic anoxia as a result of methemoglobin formation. Rabbits that received 9 intraperitoneal injections of 10 mL of nitrogen trifluoride gas in 29 days showed enlarged spleens, pathologic changes in the liver, and myocardial degeneration.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)