碘化铵 | 12027-06-4

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 呼吸系统用药 - 祛痰药
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 均质非金属化合物 - 其他非金属卤化物
• 中文名称: 碘化铵
• 中文别名: 碘化胺
• 英文名称: ammonium iodide
• 英文别名: Azanium;iodide
• CAS: 12027-06-4
• 化学式: H₄N*I
• 分子量: 144.943
• InChiKey: UKFWSNCTAHXBQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  551 °C (lit.)
• 沸点：
  405°C (estimate)
• 密度：
  2.51
• 溶解度：
  乙醇：微溶（lit.）
• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 0.01 ppm
• 物理描述：
  Ammonium iodide is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)
• 颜色/状态：
  COLORLESS CUBIC CRYSTALS
• 气味：
  ODORLESS
• 味道：
  SHARP SALINE TASTE
• 蒸汽压力：
  1 MM HG @ 210.9 °C
• 稳定性/保质期：
  该物质具有潮解性和感光性，遇到光线和空气会析出游离碘，导致颜色变为黄色甚至褐色。其升华点为551℃。
• 分解：
  When heated to decomp ... emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen iodide, ammonia and nitrogen oxides/.
• 折光率：
  INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.7031

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.62
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  1
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  1

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  2827600000
• 危险品运输编号：
  NONH for all modes of transport
• 危险标志：
  GHS07
• 危险性描述：
  H315,H319,H335
• 危险性防范说明：
  P261,P305 + P351 + P338
• 储存条件：
  1. 应贮存在阴凉、避光、干燥的库房内，并确保瓶口密封。 2. 运输时要防雨淋和日晒，装卸时需轻拿轻放，严禁振动或撞击。如发生火灾，可用沙土或二氧化碳灭火器扑救。

SDS

Name:	Ammonium Iodide P.A. Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:	None known
CAS:	12027-06-4

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Ammonium Iodide P.A. Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:None known

---

Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
12027-06-4	Ammonium iodide ((nh4)i)	ca. 100	234-717-7

Hazard Symbols: None Listed.
Risk Phrases: None Listed.

---

Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air).Air sensitive.Light sensitive.The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
May cause eye irritation.
Skin:
May cause skin irritation.
Ingestion:
May cause irritation of the digestive tract. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Chronic ingestion of iodides during pregnancy has resulted in fetal death, severe goiter, and cretinoid appearance of the newborn.
Inhalation:
May cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Chronic:
Chronic ingestion of iodides during pregnancy has resulted in fetal death, severe goiter, and cretinoid appearance of the newborn..
Prolonged exposure to iodides may produce iodism in sensitive individuals. Symptoms could include skin rash, running nose and headache.

---

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician:

---

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.

---

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.
Place under an inert atmosphere.

---

Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Store protected from light. Handle under an inert atmosphere. Store protected from air.
Storage:
Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Do not expose to air. Store protected from moisture. Store protected from light.
Store under an inert atmosphere.

---

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Exposure Limits CAS# 12027-06-4: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

---

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Crystals
Color: white to light yellow
Odor: None reported.
pH: 4.5-6.5, 5% aq. soln
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: 551 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: 405 deg C ( 761.00 deg F)
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: 405 deg C
Solubility in water: 1g/0.6ml
Specific Gravity/Density: 2.5140g/cm3
Molecular Formula: H4IN
Molecular Weight: 144.94

---

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, light, dust generation, exposure to air, excess heat, strong oxidants, exposure to moist air or water.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Air, moisture, strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Oxides of nitrogen, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, hydrogen iodide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

---

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 12027-06-4 unlisted.
LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
Ammonium iodide ((nh4)i) - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.

---

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

---

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

---

Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
IMO
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing group:

---

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: Not available.
Risk Phrases:
Safety Phrases:
S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 28A After contact with skin, wash immediately with
plenty of water.
S 37 Wear suitable gloves.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 12027-06-4: 1
Canada
CAS# 12027-06-4 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 12027-06-4 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 12027-06-4 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

---

SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

理化性质

碘化铵（化学式：NH₄I），分子量为144.94。无色立方体晶体状，熔点551℃（升华），沸点220℃（真空）。相对密度为2.5121，折射率为1.703。它溶于水、乙醇、丙酮和氨水中，微溶于乙醚。在空气中容易潮解，并且在光照或暴露于空气时会析出游离碘而变成黄色。碘化铵具有感光性，在酸性介质中还原性强，可析出碘分子；而在碱性介质中则会释放出氨气。通常应储存在含有氨气的环境中。

加热后，碘化铵升华，其气体遇光及空气会出现游离碘而呈黄色或褐色。 [2\text{NH}_4\text{I} \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3 + \text{I}_2 + \text{H}_2]

与强碱共热可生成氨： [\text{NH}_4\text{I} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaI} + \text{NH}_3↑ + \text{H}_2\text{O}]

与酸反应，生成另一种酸和另一种盐： [\text{NH}_4\text{I} + \text{H}_3\text{PO}_4 \rightarrow \text{NH}_4\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4 + \text{HI}↑]

与盐反应，生成两种新盐： [\text{NH}_4\text{I} + \text{AgNO}_3 \rightarrow \text{AgI}↓ + \text{NH}_4\text{NO}_3]

应用

碘化铵可用作分析试剂和制造无机碘化物的原料。此外，它还可以作为照相胶卷和底板的感光乳剂使用，在医学上是祛痰剂和利尿剂的重要组成部分。

水中溶解度（g/100ml）

不同温度下每100毫升水中的溶解克数如下：

• 0℃：155g
• 10℃：163g
• 20℃：172g
• 30℃：182g
• 40℃：191g
• 60℃：209g
• 80℃：229g
• 100℃：250g

毒性

参见碘。

化学性质

碘化铵为无色立方体或白色结晶粉末，无臭味咸。相对密度为2.514（25/4℃）。它溶于水，易溶于乙醇、丙酮和氨水中，微溶于乙醚。具有潮解性和感光性，遇光照或空气时可析出游离碘而变黄色甚至褐色。在551℃下升华。碘化铵的水溶液容易被氧化分解，并同时析出碘变为黄色。

用途

碘化铵用作制造无机碘化物的原料，也可作为照相胶卷和底板的感光乳剂使用，在医药工业中用于制作祛痰剂和利尿剂。此外，它还可用作化学分析试剂。

生产方法

采用中和法生产碘化铵：将碘与赤磷加入水中反应器内，并在搅拌下进行反应。过滤后蒸馏，收集125～130℃的馏分得到氢碘酸。通入氨气至pH值8～9后停止通气，过滤并用水浴真空蒸发直至结晶大部分析出。冷却、离心分离后，在50～60℃干燥即得成品。 [ \text{HI} + \text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \text{NH}_4\text{I} ]

如果产品颜色发黄，则可用酒精洗涤处理。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  碘化铵 在 三氯化铁 作用下， 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 生成 碘
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Fireman, P.; Portner, E. G., Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1904, vol. 8, p. 502 - 502

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氢碘酸 在 amyl nitrite 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 碘化铵
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: I: MVol.2, 40, page 336 - 338

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  2-甲基苯甲醛 、 乳酸乙酯 在 iron(III) chloride 、 碘化铵 作用下， 以70 %的产率得到ethyl 2,6-di-o-tolylpyrimidine-4-carboxylate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  以碘化铵、醛类和乳酸烷基酯为原料一锅法FeCl3催化可持续合成嘧啶

  摘要：

  铁(III)和碘化物促进从生物质基乳酸烷基酯、无机铵和醛有效合成嘧啶。这种多组分反应通过一系列缩合、脱氢偶联和缩合步骤有效地进行，分别形成C-N和C-C键。该协议的显着特点是使用地球丰富的金属和 NH 4 I 作为底物和催化剂进行可持续催化。当使用生物质基乳酸烷基酯作为原料时，乳酸烷基酯可以重复使用，并且可以获得清洁的副产物。合成了 30 多种嘧啶和 7 种三嗪，分离收率高达 92%。此外，对绿色指标几个维度的分析也证明了本工作的绿色性。这项工作代表了生物基醇和无机盐在可持续有机合成中的有前景的应用。

  DOI：

  10.1039/d4gc02655a

文献信息

• Oxidative Mechanochemistry: Direct, Room-Temperature, Solvent-Free Conversion of Palladium and Gold Metals into Soluble Salts and Coordination Complexes
  作者：Jean-Louis Do、Davin Tan、Tomislav Friščić

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201712602

  日期：2018.3.1

  Noble metals are valued, critical elements whose chemical activation or recycling is challenging, and traditionally requires high temperatures, strong acids or bases, or aggressive complexation agents. By using elementary palladium and gold, demonstrated here is the use of mechanochemistry for noble‐metal activation and recycling by mild, clean, solvent‐free, and room‐temperature chemistry. The process

  贵重金属是重要的关键元素，其化学活化或循环利用具有挑战性，并且传统上需要高温，强酸或强碱或侵蚀性络合剂。通过使用元素钯和金，此处证明了通过温和，清洁，无溶剂和室温化学作用将机械化学用于贵金属活化和回收。该过程可将包括废催化剂在内的金属直接，高效，一锅转换为简单的水溶性盐或金属有机催化剂。
• Process for preparing amines from olefins with ammonium halide catalysts
  申请人：Pennwalt Corporation

  公开号：US04827031A1

  公开（公告）日：1989-05-02

  The process for preparing aliphatic and aromatic amines by reacting an olefin with either ammonia, a primary amine, or a secondary amine at elevated temperature in the presence of an ammonium halide catalyst, preferably a catalyst-promoter combination, is disclosed herein.

  通过在存在铵盐催化剂的情况下，在高温下将烯烃与氨、一级胺或二级胺反应，制备脂肪族和芳香族胺的过程在此披露。
• σ*-Radicals R₃N — hal: electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the radiolysis of alkylammonium halides
  作者：J. Barrie Raynor、Ian J. Rowland、Martyn C. R. Symons

  DOI：10.1039/ft9918700571

  日期：——

  constants show that the R3N— moieties in these σ* radicals are pyramidal, in contrast with the parent amminium cations, R3N˙+ which are planar. The extent of deviation from planarity increased on going from —Cl to —l, as does the extent of delocalisation onto halogen. For the iodide complexes, the spin density on iodine decreases from ca. 70% to ca. 40% on going from the NH3 derivative to the Et3N derivative

  各种铵和烷基铵的盐的曝光60条钴γ在77K射线给出了一个范围顺磁性产品，其中包括几个R取代3 N [图形省略] HAL自由基;其特征在于（R = H，烷基HAL =氯，溴，l）的他们的EPR光谱。它们显示出与14 N和卤素原子的超精细耦合，表明它们是真正的中性基团，其SOMO主要包括N和hal的σ轨道。因此，这些种类可以归类为σ *自由基。这些R 3 N [省略图形] hal自由基的稳定性与等电子R 3 C [省略图形] hal-的不稳定性形成对比。自由基阴离子，通常没有明显的寿命，但会直接解离以产生R 3 C 6自由基，有时与所发射的卤离子之间存在弱关联。质子和14个Ñ超精细耦合常数表明，将R 3 ñ -在这些部分σ *基团为金字塔形，在与父amminium阳离子，R对比度3 Ñ +它们是平面的。从平面性偏差的程度增加了对从去- CI至-升一样，离域的程度上卤素。对于碘化物络合物，碘上的自旋密度从ca降低。约70％从NH
• A novel route for the preparation of dimeric tetraorganodistannoxanes
  作者：Jens Beckmann、Dainis Dakternieks、Fong Sheen Kuan、Edward R.T Tiekink

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01705-9

  日期：2002.10

  The reaction of polymeric diorganotin oxides, (R2SnO)n (R=Me, Et, n-Bu, n-Oct, c-Hex, i-Pr, Ph), with saturated aqueous NH4X (X=F, Cl, Br, I, OAc) in refluxing 1,4-dioxane afforded in high yields dimeric tetraorganodistannoxanes, [R2(X)SnOSn(X)R2]2, and in a few cases diorganotin dihalides or diacetates, R2SnX2. The reported method appears suitable for the synthesis of fluorinated tetraorganodistannoxanes

  聚合二有机锡氧化物的反应中，（R 2的SnO）Ñ（R =甲基，乙基，Ñ -Bu，Ñ -辛，Ç -六角，我-Pr中，Ph），用饱和含水NH 4 X（X = F， Cl，Br，I，OAc）在回流的1,4-二恶烷中以高收率得到二聚四有机二锡锡烷，[R 2（X）SnOSn（X）R 2 ] 2，在少数情况下，二有机锡二卤化物或二乙酸酯为R 2 SnX 2。报道的方法似乎适用于氟化四有机二锡氧烷的合成。鉴定[R 2（OH）SnOSn（X）R 2 ] 2（R =n -Bu; X = Cl，Br）和[R 2（OH）SnOSn（X）R 2 ] [R 2（X）SnOSn（X）R 2 ]提出了从[R 2（OH）SnOSn（OH）开始的系列取代机制R 2 ] 2。X射线晶体结构测定报告为[我2（ACO）SnOSn（OAC）Me 2 ] 2（29A），[我-Pr 2（BR）SnOSn（BR）我-Pr 2 ] 2（20A），[
• Aminoisoquinolines and aminotheinopyridine derivatives and their use as
  申请人：Astra Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.

  公开号：US06063789A1

  公开（公告）日：2000-05-16

  Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 and A are as defined herein, together with pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers or tautomers are useful as pharmaceuticals, particularly in the treatment of inflammatory disease.

  式I的化合物##STR1##其中R、R.sup.1、R.sup.2和R.sup.3以及A如本文所定义，连同药学上可接受的盐、对映体或互变体，在药物中具有用途，特别是在治疗炎症性疾病方面。