五氟乙烷 | 354-33-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机卤素化合物 - 有机氟化物
• 中文名称: 五氟乙烷
• 英文名称: 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane
• 英文别名: PENTAFLUOROETHANE；HFC-125
• CAS: 354-33-6
• 化学式: C₂HF₅
• mdl: MFCD00042101
• 分子量: 120.022
• InChiKey: GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 物理描述：
  Pentafluoroethane appears as a nonflammable gas. Heavier than air. May asphyxiate by the displacement of air in confined spaces. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause it to rupture violently and rocket.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless gas
• 沸点：
  -48.5 °C
• 熔点：
  -103.0 °C
• 溶解度：
  In water, 923 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
• 密度：
  Liquid density = 1.23 g/cu cm at 20 °C
• 蒸汽压力：
  9501 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 大气OH速率常数：
  2.50e-15 cm3/molecule*sec
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of /flouride/.
• 折光率：
  Liquid refractive index = 1.5012 at 19 °C/D
• 保留指数：
  234
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Stable.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.2
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  5

ADMET

代谢

卤代烃在肝脏中被细胞色素P-450氧化代谢。可能会发生部分谷胱甘肽结合。... /卤代烃 - 卤代溶剂/

... Halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P-450 oxidation. Partial glutathione conjugation may occur. ... /Halogenated Hydrocarbons - Halogenated Solvents/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

HFC-125被评估了其潜在在肝脏中被代谢为三氟乙酸的能力，与其他卤代乙烷进行了比较。雄性Fisher大鼠暴露于卤素麻醉剂、HCFC-124、HFC-125、HCFC-123和HFC-134a。在暴露结束时，动物被放置在代谢笼中，并测量尿液中三氟乙酸的排泄。通过SDS-PAGE和用抗TFA-蛋白质血清进行免疫印迹的方法评估了三氟乙酰化肝蛋白的存在。形成三氟乙酰化肝蛋白的潜力按以下递减顺序排列：卤素麻醉剂> HCFC-123 >> HCFC-124 > HFC-125。在暴露于HFC-134a的大鼠样本中没有检测到TFA-蛋白质。尿液中TFA排泄的19F-NMR分析确认了之前反应性的顺序。二卤甲基基团（-CX2H）上的氟化增加减少了这些化合物在体内的代谢。与其他卤代乙烷相比，HFC-125在肝脏中形成TFA的潜力较低。

HFC-125 was assessed for the potential to be metabolized to trifluoroacetic acid in liver, in comparison with other halogenated-ethanes. Male Fisher rats were exposed to halothane, HCFC- 124, HFC-125, HCFC-123 and HFC-134a. At the end of the exposure, animals were placed in metabolism cages and urinary trifluoroacetic acid excretion was measured. The presence of trifluoroacetylated-hepatic protein was assessed by means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-TFA-protein serum. The potential to form trifluoroacetylated-hepatic protein has the following decreasing order: Halothane . HCFC-123 >> HCFC-124 > HFC-125. TFA-proteins were not detected in samples from rats exposed to HFC-134a. 19F-NMR analysis of urinary TFA excretion confirmed the previous order of reactivity. The increased fluorination on the dihalomethyl group (- CX2H) decreases the metabolism of these compounds in vivo. HFC-125 showed a lower potential to form TFA in liver when compared to other halogenated ethanes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

五氟乙烷（HFC-125）是一种无色气体。全球生产的HFC-125超过99%用作商业制冷和空调系统的混合成分。HFC-125作为全淹没式灭火系统的灭火剂是另一种应用。其他小规模应用包括HFC-125在塑料泡沫发泡和特殊应用中的溶剂使用。 人体暴露和毒性：在人类淋巴瘤细胞中进行了染色体畸变试验，暴露浓度为700,000 ppm（3,436,000 mg/m³）HFC-125，持续3、24和48小时，有和无代谢活化。这项研究得到了明确的阴性结果。 动物研究：大鼠（雄性和雌性）在空气中暴露于800,000 ppm（3,927,000 mg/m³）HFC-125，持续4小时。在暴露后14天内没有观察到死亡。在暴露期间，观察到典型麻醉效果的体征，如异常呼吸和共济失调步态。这些效果在暴露期结束后1小时内消失。研究了HFC-125在注射肾上腺素后对贝格尔犬心脏敏感性的影响。暴露于200,000和300,000 ppm HFC-125的两只狗分别出现了致命的室性纤维颤动。在13周的研究中，将雄性和雌性大鼠暴露于0、5,000、15,000和50,000 ppm（0、24.544、73,632和245,440 mg/m³）HFC-125（每天6小时，每周5天）。另外一组雄性和雌性大鼠被指定用于4周的恢复期。在任何剂量下都没有发现死亡。在妊娠的第6-18天，将怀孕的雌性家兔暴露于0、5,000、15,000或50,000 ppm（0、24.544、73,632和245,440 mg/m³）的浓度下，每天6小时，并在妊娠第29天处死。没有证据显示任何与处理相关的形态学变化或内脏和骨骼异常或变异的增加。在妊娠的第6-15天，将怀孕的雌性大鼠暴露于0、5,000、15,000或50,000 ppm（0、24.544、73,632和245,440 mg/m³）的浓度下，每天6小时，并在妊娠第20天处死。在对照组和处理组胎儿的内脏和骨骼检查中，没有观察到显著差异。在小鼠中进行了红细胞微核试验。在对照组和处理组之间，多色细胞与成熟细胞的比例没有显著变化。对暴露于高达700,000 ppm（3,436,000 mg/m³）4小时和高达600,000 ppm（2,945,000 mg/m³）24和48小时的中华仓鼠卵巢细胞进行了研究染色体畸变的细胞遗传学分析，有和无代谢活化。仅在无代谢活化的情况下，暴露于600,000 ppm HFC-125 48小时后观察到阳性结果。然而，在这种实验条件下观察到的染色体畸变增加的发病率与明显的细胞毒性证据是一致的。HFC-125在高达200,000 ppm（982,000 mg/m³）的浓度下在两种鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中进行了测试，有和无代谢活化。两种菌株都得到了阴性结果。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) is a colorless gas. More than 99% of HFC-125 produced worldwide used as a blend component for commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The use as a fire-extinguishing agent in total flooding systems is another application of HFC-125. Minor applications include the use of HFC-125 in plastic foam blowing and as a solvent in special applications. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A chromosomal aberration test was carried out in human lymphocytes exposed up to 700,000 ppm (3,436,000 mg/cu m) HFC-125 for 3, 24 and 48 hours, with and without metabolic activation. This study gave clearly negative results. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats (males and females) were exposed to 800,000 ppm (3,927,000 mg/cu m) HFC-125 in atmosphere for 4 hours. No mortality was observed within 14 days after the exposure. During the exposure, clinical signs typical of an anesthetic effect, such as abnormal respiration and ataxic gait, were observed. These effects disappeared within 1 hour after the end of the exposure period. Cardiac sensitization potential of HFC-125 following adrenaline injection was studied in beagle dogs. Two dogs exposed respectively to 200,000 and 300,000 ppm HFC-125 showed fatal ventricular fibrillation. In 13-week study, groups of male and female rats were exposed to 0, 5,000, 15,000 and 50,000 ppm (0, 24.544, 73,632 and 245,440 mg/cu m) HFC-125 (6 hrs/day, 5 days/week). Additional groups of male and female rats were designated for a 4-week recovery period. No mortality was found at any dose. Pregnant female rabbits were exposed to levels of 0, 5,000, 15,000 or 50,000 ppm (0, 24.544, 73,632 and 245,440 mg/cu m) for 6 hrs/day during the gestation days 6-18 and sacrificed on day 29 of gestation. There was no evidence of any treatment-related morphological change or of increased incidence of visceral and skeletal anomalies or variants. Pregnant female rats were exposed to levels of 0, 5,000, 15,000 or 50,000 ppm (0, 24.544, 73,632 and 245,440 mg/cu m) for 6 hrs/day during the gestation days 6-15 and sacrificed on day 20 of gestation. No statistically-significant differences in the incidence of anomalies and variants were observed during visceral and skeletal examination of fetuses among the control and the treated groups. An erythrocyte micronucleus test was performed in mice. No significant changes were observed in the ratio of polychromated to mature cells among the control group and the groups treated with HFC-125. A cytogenetic assay for the study of chromosomal aberrations was carried out in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to concentrations up to 700,000 ppm (3,436,000 mg/cu m) for 4 hours and up to 600,000 ppm (2,945,000 mg/cu m) for 24 and 48 hours, with and without metabolic activation. Positive results were observed only after 48 hours of exposure to 600,000 ppm HFC-125 in the absence of metabolic activation. However, the increased incidence of chromosomal aberration, observed under this experimental condition was concurrent with clear evidence of cytotoxicity. HFC-125 up to 200,000 ppm (982,000 mg/cu m) was tested in 2 strains of Salmonella typhimurium, with and without metabolic activation. Negative results were obtained with both strains.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合征

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 毒性数据

大鼠LC50 = 2,910,000毫克/立方米/4小时

LC50 (rat) = 2,910,000 mg/m3/4h

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

在氟碳化合物中毒的人员中，可以采取措施减少心律失常的风险。在医院评估前，应建议患者避免剧烈运动。在医院中，患者可以被安置在一个安静、无威胁的环境中，并在必要时进行镇静。如果出现低氧血症，应给予吸氧并纠正代谢异常。应避免使用拟交感神经药物。室性心律失常最好用β受体阻滞剂治疗。/氟碳化合物/

... In persons who are intoxicated with fluorocarbons, steps can be taken to lessen the risk of arrhythmias. ... Before evaluation at the hospital, patients should be advised to avoid strenuous exercise. In the hospital, patients can be placed in a quiet, nonthreatening environment and sedated if necessary. If hypoxic, oxygen should be administered and metabolic abnormalities corrected. Sympathomimetic drugs should be avoided. Ventricular arrhythmias are best treated with beta-blocking agents. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 紧急急救：确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸，请开始人工呼吸，最好使用需阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练进行操作。如有必要，执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果患者呕吐，让患者身体前倾或将其置于左侧卧位（如果可能的话，头部向下），以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /卤代脂肪烃及其相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

影响氟碳化合物命运的主要因素是体脂肪，它们在那里集中并缓慢释放到血液中，浓度不应导致任何心脏敏感化的风险。/氟碳化合物/

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood @ concn that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

口服吸收迅速，但不如肺吸收完全。皮肤吸收微不足道，除非患者有皮肤破损（例如烧伤、溃疡、严重鱼鳞病）。增加的代谢率也可能导致更多的吸入吸收。吸入后很快达到血药峰值，但口服给药后1到2小时才出现。这些化学物质分布到血液流动丰富的组织（例如大脑、心脏、肝脏、肾脏）然后到脂肪组织，通常在这里可以找到最高的化学物质浓度。卤代烃在肝脏通过细胞色素P-450氧化代谢。可能会发生部分谷胱甘肽结合。卤代溶剂可以通过肺部以原形排出。由于长期暴露或肝功能不全，消除半衰期可能会增加。长期暴露允许更多的化学物质储存在脂肪组织中，这成为持续释放的来源。/卤代烃 - 卤代溶剂/

Oral absorption is rapid but less complete than pulmonary absorption. Skin absorption is insignificant, except in patients with skin breakdown (e.g., burns, ulcers, severe ichthyosis). Increased metabolic rate can lead to greater inhalational absorption as well. Peak blood levels occur soon after inhalation but occur in 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. The chemicals distribute to tissues with high blood flow (e.g., brain, heart, liver, kidney) and then to adipose tissue, where the highest chemical concentrations are typically found. Halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P-450 oxidation. Partial glutathione conjugation may occur. Halogenated solvents can be excreted unchanged through the lungs. Elimination half-lives can be increased because of either prolonged exposure or hepatic dysfunction. Prolonged exposure allows more chemical to be stored in the adipose tissue, which serves as a source of continued release. /Halogenated Hydrocarbons - Halogenated Solvents/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

氟碳化合物是脂溶性的，因此通常能很好地通过肺部吸收。经口摄入后的吸收率比吸入后的吸收率低35到48倍。氟碳化合物通过肺部排出。/氟碳化合物/

Fluorocarbon compounds are lipid-soluble and thus are generally well absorbed through lung. Absorption after ingestion is 35 to 48 times lower than after inhalation. ... Fluorocarbons are eliminated by way of lung. /Fluorocarbon compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

Sprague Dawley 大鼠在单独的吸入室中分别暴露于 1,000、5,000 和 50,000 ppm（4,900、24,500 和 245,000 mg/立方米）的 HFC-125，持续 6 小时。通过测量暴露期间大气中 HFC-125 浓度的下降来计算吸收量。结果表明，在暴露期末稍有摄取。由于 HFC-125 的吸收量较低，没有计算摄取和代谢的动力学常数。

Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 1,000, 5,000 and 50,000 ppm (4,900, 24,500 and 245,000 mg/cu m) HFC-125 for 6 hours in individual inhalation chambers. Absorption was calculated by measuring the decrease of HFC-125 concentration in atmosphere within the period of exposure. Results indicated a slight uptake at the end of the exposure period. Due to the low absorption of HFC-125, kinetic constants of uptake and metabolism were not calculated.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S23,S38
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3220
• 海关编码：
  2903399090
• 危险类别：
  2.2

制备方法与用途

制备方法

主要用作制冷剂。

用途简介

（内容待补充）

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  五氟乙烷 在 三氟化氮 作用下， 430.0 ℃ 、100.0 kPa 条件下， 以79%的产率得到六氟乙烷
  参考文献：
  名称：

  一种高温下制备六氟乙烷的方法

  摘要：

  本发明涉及一种高温下制备六氟乙烷的方法，属于氟化工技术领域。所述方法步骤：将氟化钴加入反应器中，控制反应器的温度为350～450℃、压力为0.1～0.15MPa，再加入三氟化氮和氮气的混合气体、五氟乙烷，使气体在氧化钴床层中的空速为0.2～5/min，反应产物由反应器出来后，得到所述六氟乙烷。本发明所述方法使用的原料安全、操作安全、产物收率高且适合工业化大规模生产。

  公开号：

  CN105461507B
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  四氯乙烯 在 Ca/Cr oxide catalyst 氢氟酸 作用下， 350.0 ℃ 、100.0 kPa 条件下， 以42.5%的产率得到五氟乙烷
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Method for preparing a hydro(chloro)fluoroalkane and catalyst

  摘要：

  根据该方法，将氢氟酸与含氢氯氟烷的卤化前体在含有铬（Cr）和铝、钡、铋、钙、铈、铜、铁、镁、锶、钒和锆中至少一种金属的催化剂的存在下反应，制备氢（氯）氟烷。

  公开号：

  US20040024271A1
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  potassium tert-butylate 、 苯甲醛 在 五氟乙烷 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 以 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂， 反应 1.0h， 生成 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process of use in perfluoroalkyation and reactant for making use of this process

  摘要：

  本发明的主题是一种用于全氟烷基化的过程和用于该过程的反应物。该过程的定义在于，将公式RfH的物质和碱（或能够产生碱的物质）与携带至少一个亲电官能团的底物在极性和无水介质中接触。适用于有机合成。

  公开号：

  US06355849B1

文献信息

• 合成2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和2,3-二氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烷的方法
  申请人：福建永晶科技股份有限公司

  公开号：CN111187143B

  公开（公告）日：2022-09-16

  本发明涉及制备化合物2,3,3,3‑四氟丙烯(1234yf)的新方法。化合物1234yf是最新的制冷剂，其OPD(臭氧消耗潜势)为零，GWP(全球变暖潜势)为零。因此，本发明的方法涉及卡宾生成途径，用于制备化合物2,3,3,3‑四氟丙烯(1234yf)、化合物243db(2,3‑二氯‑1,1,1‑三氟丙烷)、以及任选地通过卡宾路线制备化合物2‑氯‑1,1,1‑三氟丙烯(1233xf)和化合物243db(2,3‑二氯‑1,1,1‑三氟丙烷)。本发明还涉及制备化合物2,3,3,3‑四氟丙烯(1234yf)的方法，其中化合物243db(2,3‑二氯‑1,1,1‑三氟丙烷)用作起始材料，用于制备化合物2,3,3,3‑四氟丙烯(1234yf)。
• Catalytic conversion of hydrofluoroalkanol to hydrofluoroalkene
  申请人：Honeywell International Inc.

  公开号：US07026520B1

  公开（公告）日：2006-04-11

  Methane is used as the selective dehydrating agent for the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf) from 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol. Supported transition metal catalysts are prepared and used for this reaction with high activity. Almost 58% selectivity to R1234yf is obtained at an alcohol conversion level of 60% using unsupported Ni-mesh as the catalyst. Pd and Pt show almost similar level of conversion; however, the selectivity to the desired product is low. The activity of the metal catalyst was found to be a function of the type of support material, activated carbon showing better activity than alumina. Different important process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and contact time are studied to optimize the process. High pressure and temperature are deleterious to the rate of 1234yf formation; yet, the highest yield to 1234yf is obtained while performing a reaction at 494° C. with a contact time of 23 sec.

  甲烷被用作选择性脱水剂，用于从2,2,3,3,3-五氟-1-丙醇生产2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯（R1234yf）。支持的过渡金属催化剂经过制备并用于这一反应，具有很高的活性。在酒精转化率为60%时，使用不支持的Ni网作为催化剂，几乎可以获得58%左右的选择性产物R1234yf。Pd和Pt表现出几乎相似的转化率；然而，对所需产物的选择性较低。发现金属催化剂的活性取决于支撑材料的类型，活性炭的活性优于氧化铝。研究了不同重要的工艺参数，如温度、压力和接触时间，以优化该过程。高压和高温对1234yf生成速率有害；然而，在494°C下进行反应，23秒的接触时间内获得了最高的1234yf产量。
• Cationic Chiral Fluorinated Oxazaborolidines. More Potent, Second-Generation Catalysts for Highly Enantioselective Cycloaddition Reactions
  作者：Karla Mahender Reddy、Eswar Bhimireddy、Barla Thirupathi、Simon Breitler、Shunming Yu、E. J. Corey

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.6b00100

  日期：2016.2.24

  placement of fluorine substituents in the chiral ligand. This approach has led to a new, second-generation family of chiral oxazaborolidinium cationic species which can be used to effect many Diels-Alder reactions in >95% yield and >95% ee using catalyst loadings at the 1-2 mol % level. The easy recovery of the chiral ligand makes the application of these new catalysts especially attractive for large-scale

  手性配体与路易斯酸金属衍生物的配位是对映选择性亲电催化的一种有用策略，通常导致催化活性水平低于原始未络合化合物的催化活性水平。通过进一步将质子或强路易斯酸连接到复合物上进行活化提供了一种克服手性配体失活作用的方法。本文所述的研究表明，通过在手性配体中明智地放置氟取代基，可以进一步提高催化活性。这种方法产生了一个新的第二代手性 oxazaborolidinium 阳离子物种家族，使用 1-2 mol% 水平的催化剂负载量，该物种可用于以 >95% 的产率和 >95% 的 ee 进行许多 Diels-Alder 反应。
• Radical Pentafluoroethylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using CuCF₂CF₃
  作者：Xinkan Yang、Gavin Chit Tsui

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01646

  日期：2020.6.5

  source for the CF2CF3 radical under aerobic conditions at room temperature. Using this system, readily available unactivated alkenes can be pentafluoroethylated to provide novel allylic CF2CF3 compounds with excellent E-selectivity and functional group tolerability. Mechanistic studies including TEMPO–CF2CF3 trapping and radical clock experiments provided strong evidence for radical pathways, offering

  我们已经发现，由低成本五氟乙烷生成的CuCF 2 CF 3络合物是在室温下好氧条件下CF 2 CF 3自由基的便捷实用来源。使用该系统，可以将容易获得的未活化烯烃进行五氟乙基化，以提供具有出色的E选择性和官能团耐受性的新型烯丙基CF 2 CF 3化合物。包括TEMPO–CF 2 CF 3捕集和自由基钟实验在内的机理研究为自由基途径提供了有力的证据，为铜介导的自由基全氟烷基化提供了新的机会。
• DEHYDROFLUORINATION PROCESS TO MANUFACTURE HYDROFLUOROOLEFINS
  申请人：Rao Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna

  公开号：US20100121115A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-05-13

  Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of hydrofluoroolefins of the structure CF 3 CF═CHY, wherein Y can be H or F, comprising reacting at least one fluoropropane reactant of the structure CF 3 CFXCFYH1 wherein X can be either F or H, and Y can be either F or H, provided that both X and Y′ are not both F, with a basic aqueous solution in the presence of a non-aqueous, non-alcoholic solvent, and in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

  揭示了一种制备结构为CF3CF═CHY的氢氟烯的方法，其中Y可以是H或F，包括在非水性、非醇溶剂和相转移催化剂存在下，将至少一种结构为CF3CFXCFYH1的氟丙烷反应物（其中X可以是F或H，Y可以是F或H，前提是X和Y不能同时为F）与碱性水溶液反应。

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