Unchanged nelfinavir comprised 82-86% of the total plasma radioactivity after a single oral 750 mg dose of 14C-nelfinavir. In vitro, multiple cytochrome P-450 enzymes including CYP3A and CYP2C19 are responsible for the metabolism of nelfinavir. One major and several minor oxidative metabolites were found in plasma. The major oxidative metabolite has in vitro antiviral activity comparable to the parent drug.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
奈非那韦已知的人类代谢物包括3,4-二羟基奈非那韦和奈非那韦羟基-t-丁酰胺。
Nelfinavir has known human metabolites that include 3,4-Dihydroxynelfinavir and Nelfinavir hydroxyl-t- butylamide.
Some degree of serum aminotransferase elevation occurs in a high proportion of patients taking nelfinavir containing antiretroviral regimens. Moderate-to severe elevations in serum aminotransferase levels (>5 times the upper limit of normal) are found in only 3% to 10% of patients, although rates may be higher in patients with HIV-HCV coinfection. These elevations are usually asymptomatic and self-limited and can resolve even with continuation of the medication. Clinically apparent acute liver injury due to nelfinavir is rare. The few cases that have been reported have arisen after 1 to 8 weeks of starting nelfinavir, and the pattern of serum enzyme elevations has not been reported, but is likely to have been hepatocellular (Case 1). Signs of hypersensitivity (fever, rash, eosinophilia) can occur as can autoantibody formation but these features are not very prominent. The acute liver injury due to nelfinavir is usually self-limited, but it can be severe, and isolated cases of acute liver failure have been reported to the sponsor, although not in great detail. In HBV or HCV coinfected patients, some instances appear to be due to exacerbation of the underlying chronic liver disease, perhaps as a result of sudden immune reconstitution. Nelfinavir therapy has not been clearly linked to lactic acidosis and acute fatty liver that is reported in association with several nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors used to treat HIV infection.
The majority (87%) of an oral 750 mg dose containing 14C-nelfinavir was recovered in the feces; fecal radioactivity consisted of numerous oxidative metabolites (78%) and unchanged nelfinavir (22%). Only 1–2% of the dose was recovered in urine, of which unchanged nelfinavir was the major component.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
口服给药后，奈非那韦的表观分布容积为2-7 L/kg。
The apparent volume of distribution following oral administration of nelfinavir was 2-7 L/kg.
Oral clearance estimates after single doses (24-33 L/h) and multiple doses (26-61 L/h) indicate that nelfinavir is a drug with medium to high hepatic bioavailability.
Amending HIV Drugs: A Novel Small-Molecule Approach To Target Lupus Anti-DNA Antibodies
摘要：
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can affect numerous tissues and is characterized by the production of nuclear antigen-directed autoantibodies (e.g., anti-dsDNA). Using a combination of virtual and ELISA-based screens, we made the intriguing discovery that several HIV-protease inhibitors can function as decoy antigens to specifically inhibit the binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies to target antigens such as dsDNA and pentapeptide DWEYS. Computational modeling revealed that HIV-protease inhibitors comprised structural features present in DWEYS and predicted that analogues containing more flexible backbones would possess preferred binding characteristics. To address this, we reduced the internal amide backbone to improve flexibility, producing new small-molecule decoy antigens, which neutralize anti-dsDNA antibodies in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic and SLE model studies demonstrated that peptidomimetic FISLE-412,(1) a reduced HIV protease inhibitor analogue, was well-tolerated, altered serum reactivity to DWEYS, reduced glomeruli IgG deposition, preserved kidney histology, and delayed SLE onset in NZB/W F1 mice.
A short synthesis of the HIV-protease inhibitor nelfinavir via a diastereoselective addition of ammonia to the α,β-unsaturated sulfoxide derived from ( R )-glyceraldehyde acetonide
摘要：
Diastereoselective Michael addition of ammonia to sulfoxide 3a derived from (R)-glyceraldehyde acetonide provides amine 4a, which is converted into Nelfinavir using (BF3Et2O)-Et-./Nal reduction and subsequent coupling reactions as key steps. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
[EN] SPIROCYCLIC HETEROCYCLE COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES SPIROCYCLIQUES UTILES COMME INHIBITEURS DU VIH
申请人：MERCK SHARP & DOHME
公开号：WO2016094198A1
公开（公告）日：2016-06-16
The present invention relates to Spirocyclic Heterocycle Compounds of Formula (I): (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, B, X, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising at least one Spirocyclic Heterocycle Compound, and methods of using the Spirocyclic Heterocycle Compounds for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
[EN] DERIVATIVES OF AMANITA TOXINS AND THEIR CONJUGATION TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TOXINES D'AMANITES ET LEUR CONJUGAISON À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE
申请人：HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号：WO2017046658A1
公开（公告）日：2017-03-23
Derivatives of Amernita toxins of Formula (I), wherein, formula (a) R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7, R 8, R 9, R 10, X, L, m, n and Q are defined herein. The preparation of the derivatives. The therapeutic use of the derivatives in the targeted treatment of cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.
[EN] A CONJUGATE OF A CYTOTOXIC AGENT TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE WITH BRANCHED LINKERS<br/>[FR] CONJUGUÉ D'UN AGENT CYTOTOXIQUE À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE AVEC DES LIEURS RAMIFIÉS
申请人：HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号：WO2020257998A1
公开（公告）日：2020-12-30
Provided is a conjugation of cytotoxic drug to a cell-binding molecule with a side-chain linker. It provides side-chain linkage methods of making a conjugate of a cytotoxic molecule to a cell-binding ligand, as well as methods of using the conjugate in targeted treatment of cancer, infection and immunological disorders.
[EN] CROSS-LINKED PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE DIMER (PBD) DERIVATIVE AND ITS CONJUGATES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉ DE DIMÈRE DE PYRROLOBENZODIAZÉPINE RÉTICULÉ (PBD) ET SES CONJUGUÉS
申请人：HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号：WO2020006722A1
公开（公告）日：2020-01-09
A novel cross-linked cytotoxic agents, pyrrolobenzo-diazepine dimer (PBD) derivatives, and their conjugates to a cell-binding molecule, a method for preparation of the conjugates and the therapeutic use of the conjugates.
[EN] NOVEL CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS HIV INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX DÉRIVÉS CARBOXAMIDES COMME INHIBITEURS DU VIH
申请人：HETERO RESEARCH FOUNDATION
公开号：WO2011061590A1
公开（公告）日：2011-05-26
The present invention relates to carboxamide derivatives of Formula (I), where B1, B2, X, L, n, R, R1, R2, Z1, Z2, Rx and Ry are as defined in the claims, as compounds and compositions for inhibiting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and process for making the compounds.
