The evolution of the synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®), used for the oral treatment and prevention of influenza virus infections (viral flu) is described. Oseltamivir phosphate is the ethyl ester prodrug of the corresponding acid, a potent and selective inhibitor
of influenza neuraminidase. The discovery chemistry route and scalable routes used for kilo laboratory production as well as the technical access to oseltamivir phosphate from (–)-shikimic acid proceeding via a synthetically well-developed epoxide building block followed by azide
transformations are reviewed. Synthesis and process research investigations towards azide-free conversions of the key epoxide building block to oseltamivir phosphate are discussed. The search for new routes to oseltamivir phosphate independent of shikimic acid including Diels-Alder approaches
and transformations of aromatic rings employing a desymmetrization concept are presented in view of large-scale production requirements.
该文描述了
奥司他韦磷酸酯(Tamiflu®)的合成演变历程,该药用于口服治疗和预防流感病毒感染(病毒性流感)。
奥司他韦磷酸酯是相应酸的
乙酯酯前药,是一种强效且选择性的流感
神经氨酸酶抑制剂。文中回顾了从(-)-
樟脑酸经由合成良好发展的环
氧化合物基团和
叠氮化反应到达
奥司他韦磷酸酯的发现
化学途径和可扩展途径,以及用于千克级实验室生产的技术途径。讨论了关于将关键环
氧化合物基团转化为
奥司他韦磷酸酯的无
叠氮化反应的合成和工艺研究调查。为满足大规模生产需求,文中提出了独立于
樟脑酸的
奥司他韦磷酸新途径的探索,包括Diels-Alder方法和利用非对称化概念对芳香环的转化。