Our objectives were to identify and field test the sex pheromone of female Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone extract revealed a single compound (A) that elicited responses from male antennae. Hydrogenation of pheromone extract, followed by renewed GC-EAD analysis, revealed a new EAD-active compound with chromatographic characteristics identical to those of tridecan-2-yl acetate on five fused silica columns (DB-5, DB-210, DB-23, SP-1000, and Cyclodex-B). Syntheses, chromatography, and retention index calculations of all possible tridecen-2-yl acetates suggested that the candidate pheromone A was a tridecadien-2-yl acetate with nonconjugated double bonds. Synthetic candidate pheromone component (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-2-yl acetate (Z4Z7) cochromatographed with A on all analytical columns and elicited comparable antennal activity. In GC-EAD analyses that separated the enantiomers (Z,Z)4,7-tridecadien-(S)-2-yl acetate (2S-Z4Z7) and (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-(R)-2-yl acetate (2R-Z4Z7) with baseline resolution, only 2S-Z4Z7 as a component in a racemic standard or in pheromone extract elicited antennal responses. In Douglas-fir seed orchards, sticky traps baited with 2S-Z4Z7 captured male C. oregonensis, whereas 2R-Z4Z7 was behaviorally benign. Comparable catches of males in traps baited with racemic Z4Z7 (50 mug) or virgin female C. oregonensis suggested that synthetic pheromone baits could be developed for monitoring C. oregonensis populations in commercial Douglas-fir seed orchards.
Synthesis of the enantiomers of 5-hexadecanolide, the pheromone of the queen of the oriental hornet, vespa orientalis,employing enzymic resolution of (±)-2-aminotridecanoic acid as the key-step
作者:Kenji Mori、Tatsuya Otsuka
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96498-1
日期:1985.1
Optical resolution of(±)-2-chloroacetylaminotridecanoic acid with amino acylase gave (S)-2-aminotridecanoic add, which was converted into highly optically pure (S)-5-hexadecanolide (the pheromone of Vespa orientalls). Similarly (R)-2-chloroacetylammotridecanoic acid recovered after the enzymic hydrolysis yielded (R)-5-hexadecanolide. The existing methods for the preparation of the enantiomers of 5-hexadecanolide
Tandem and multicomponent one‐pot reactions are highly attractive because they enable synthesis of target molecules in a single reaction vessel. However, they are difficult to control, as they can lead to the formation of many undesired side‐products. Herein we report the use of metal‐organic framework (MOF) pores decorated with organocatalytic squaramide moieties to confine ring‐opening epoxide reactions
Liquid crystalline compound with an optically active y-lactone ring having the following formula (I):
wherein R' R2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms; A and D are each independently a single bond or -0-; B is a single bond or
Z is a single bond or a group selected from the group consisting of
Y is hydrogen atom or -CH3; and the symbol *is an asymmetric carbon atom, a liquid crystal composition comprising at least one of said liquid crystalline compound and other ferroelectric liquid crystal or non-chiral liquid crystal or a mixture thereof, and a use thereof as an element for opto-electronics devices.
具有下式(I)的光学活性 y-内酯环的液晶化合物:
其中 R' R2 各自独立地为具有 1 至 15 个碳原子的烷基或具有 2 至 15 个碳原子的烯基;A 和 D 各自独立地为单键或-0-;B 为单键或 Z 为单键或选自 Y 为氢原子或-CH3;符号 * 为不对称碳原子,一种液晶组合物,包含所述液晶化合物和其他铁电液晶或非手性液晶中的至少一种或其混合物,以及其作为光电子器件元件的用途。
Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal device using the same
申请人:SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA
公开号:EP0495686A2
公开(公告)日:1992-07-22
A ferroelectric liquid crystal composition including : at least one optically active compound of the formula (I) :
where R1 and R2 are, the same or different, a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, k represents an integer of 0 or 1, and * represents an asymmetric carbon atom ; and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: compounds of the formula (II) :
where R3 and R4 are a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-15 carbon atoms,
each represent
X represents -O-, -CO- or a single bond, m and n are independently an integer of 0 or 1 ; compounds of the formula (III) :
where R5 and R6 are, the same or different, a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-15 carbon atoms, and p is an integer of 0 or 1 ; said ferroelectric liquid crystal composition exhibiting at least nematic phase, smectic A phase and smectic C phase.
Formulation of an organic functional material comprising an epoxy group containing solvent
申请人:Merck Patent GmbH
公开号:US11046884B2
公开(公告)日:2021-06-29
The present invention relates to formulations containing at least one organic functional material and at least a first organic solvent, wherein said first organic solvent contains at least one epoxy-group as well as to electronic devices prepared by using these formulations.