水苏碱 | 515-24-2

• 物质功能分类: 生物化工 - 中草药成分
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 水苏碱
• 英文名称: Turicin
• 英文别名: Turicine；(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate
• CAS: 515-24-2
• 化学式: C₇H₁₃NO₃
• 分子量: 159.185
• InChiKey: MUNWAHDYFVYIKH-PHDIDXHHSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  259-260°
• 比旋光度：
  D20 +37.8° (c = 1 in water)
• 物理描述：
  Solid

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.1
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.86
• 拓扑面积：
  60.4
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  溴甲苯 、 水苏碱 在 potassium carbonate 作用下， 以 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  WO2007/107319

  摘要：

  公开号：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  顺式-4-羟基-D-脯氨酸 在 水 、 silver(l) oxide 作用下， 生成 水苏碱
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Studies on Hydroxyproline

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja01558a050

文献信息

• Prediction and Biochemical Demonstration of a Catabolic Pathway for the Osmoprotectant Proline Betaine
  作者：Ritesh Kumar、Suwen Zhao、Matthew W. Vetting、B. McKay Wood、Ayano Sakai、Kyuil Cho、José Solbiati、Steven C. Almo、Jonathan V. Sweedler、Matthew P. Jacobson、John A. Gerlt、John E. Cronan

  DOI：10.1128/mbio.00933-13

  日期：2014.2.28

  Through the use of genetic, enzymatic, metabolomic, and structural analyses, we have discovered the catabolic pathway for proline betaine, an osmoprotectant, in Paracoccus denitrificans and Rhodobacter sphaeroides . Genetic and enzymatic analyses showed that several of the key enzymes of the hydroxyproline betaine degradation pathway also function in proline betaine degradation. Metabolomic analyses detected each of the metabolic intermediates of the pathway. The proline betaine catabolic pathway was repressed by osmotic stress and cold stress, and a regulatory transcription factor was identified. We also report crystal structure complexes of the P. denitrificans HpbD hydroxyproline betaine epimerase/proline betaine racemase with l -proline betaine and cis -hydroxyproline betaine.

  IMPORTANCE At least half of the extant protein annotations are incorrect, and the errors propagate as the number of genome sequences increases exponentially. A large-scale, multidisciplinary sequence- and structure-based strategy for functional assignment of bacterial enzymes of unknown function has demonstrated the pathway for catabolism of the osmoprotectant proline betaine.

  摘要 通过使用基因、酶、代谢组和结构分析，我们发现了脯氨酸甜菜碱（一种渗透保护剂）在 脱硝副球菌 和 的分解途径。 .遗传学和酶学分析表明，羟脯氨酸甜菜碱降解途径中的几种关键酶也在脯氨酸甜菜碱降解中发挥作用。代谢组分析检测到了该途径的每个代谢中间产物。脯氨酸甜菜碱分解途径受到渗透胁迫和冷胁迫的抑制，并确定了一个调控转录因子。我们还报告了 HpbD HpbD 羟脯氨酸甜菜碱外氨酶/脯氨酸甜菜碱消旋酶与 l -脯氨酸甜菜碱和 顺式 -羟脯氨酸甜菜碱。 重要意义 现存蛋白质注释中至少有一半是不正确的，而且随着基因组序列数量的指数级增长，错误也在不断扩大。一种基于序列和结构的大规模、多学科的细菌未知功能酶功能分配策略证明了渗透保护剂脯氨酸甜菜碱的分解途径。
• Discovery of new enzymes and metabolic pathways by using structure and genome context
  作者：Suwen Zhao、Ritesh Kumar、Ayano Sakai、Matthew W. Vetting、B. McKay Wood、Shoshana Brown、Jeffery B. Bonanno、Brandan S. Hillerich、Ronald D. Seidel、Patricia C. Babbitt、Steven C. Almo、Jonathan V. Sweedler、John A. Gerlt、John E. Cronan、Matthew P. Jacobson

  DOI：10.1038/nature12576

  日期：2013.10.31

  Pathway docking (in silico docking of metabolites to several enzymes and binding proteins in a metabolic pathway) enables the discovery of a catabolic pathway for the osmolyte trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline betaine. Overprediction and database annotation errors in genome-sequencing projects have caused much confusion because of the difficulty of assigning valid functions to the proteins identified. These authors use structure-guided approaches for predicting the substrate specificities of several enzymes encoded by a bacterial gene cluster to correctly predict the in vitro activity of an enzyme of unknown function and identify the catabolic pathway in which it participates in cells. The substrate-liganded pose predicted by virtual library screening was confirmed experimentally, enzyme activities in the predicted pathway were confirmed by in vitro assays and genetic analyses, the intermediates were identified by metabolomics, and repression of the genes encoding the pathway by high salt concentrations was established by transcriptomics. This study establishes the utility of structure-guided functional predictions for the discovery of new metabolic pathways. Assigning valid functions to proteins identified in genome projects is challenging: overprediction and database annotation errors are the principal concerns1. We and others2 are developing computation-guided strategies for functional discovery with ‘metabolite docking’ to experimentally derived3 or homology-based4 three-dimensional structures. Bacterial metabolic pathways often are encoded by ‘genome neighbourhoods’ (gene clusters and/or operons), which can provide important clues for functional assignment. We recently demonstrated the synergy of docking and pathway context by ‘predicting’ the intermediates in the glycolytic pathway in Escherichia coli5. Metabolite docking to multiple binding proteins and enzymes in the same pathway increases the reliability of in silico predictions of substrate specificities because the pathway intermediates are structurally similar. Here we report that structure-guided approaches for predicting the substrate specificities of several enzymes encoded by a bacterial gene cluster allowed the correct prediction of the in vitro activity of a structurally characterized enzyme of unknown function (PDB 2PMQ), 2-epimerization of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline betaine (tHyp-B) and cis-4-hydroxy-d-proline betaine (cHyp-B), and also the correct identification of the catabolic pathway in which Hyp-B 2-epimerase participates. The substrate-liganded pose predicted by virtual library screening (docking) was confirmed experimentally. The enzymatic activities in the predicted pathway were confirmed by in vitro assays and genetic analyses; the intermediates were identified by metabolomics; and repression of the genes encoding the pathway by high salt concentrations was established by transcriptomics, confirming the osmolyte role of tHyp-B. This study establishes the utility of structure-guided functional predictions to enable the discovery of new metabolic pathways.

  -dopamine (cis-4-dopamine)的代谢途径。
• Scoopable dough and products resulting therefrom
  申请人：The Pillsbury Company Inc.

  公开号：US20030118702A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-06-26

  A scoopable dough can be used to prepare cut biscuits, drop biscuits, dumplings, flat bread, crackers, pizza dough, doughnuts, fritters, hushpuppies, muffins, pastry crusts, coffee cake, quick bread, scones, cobbler-type crust, and the like. A scoopable dough has desirable viscoelastic properties and is shelf stable without being stored in a container that is deoxygenated and/or hermetically sealed at, freezing and refrigeration temperatures. A scoopable dough includes flour, a protein supplement, a shortening, a humectant, a leavening system having at least portion of the leavening system encapsulated, and water. The flour and water can be in a flour-to-water ratio of between about 2:1 and about 1:1. A scoopable dough can also include a texture-modifying agent, an emulsifier, a hydrocolloid, a dough-developing agent, a nutritional supplement, a flavoring, a shelf-life stabilizer, an organic acid, and/or a binder of metal ions.

  可舀面团可用于制作切块饼干、水滴饼干、饺子、平面包、饼干、披萨面团、甜甜圈、油条、荷包蛋、松饼、糕点皮、咖啡蛋糕、快餐面包、烤饼、馅饼皮等。可舀面团具有理想的粘弹性能，在冷冻和冷藏温度下，无需存放在脱氧和/或密封的容器中，就能保持货架稳定性。可舀面团包括面粉、蛋白质补充剂、起酥油、保湿剂、至少封装了部分发酵系统的发酵系统和水。面粉和水的比例可在约 2:1 到约 1:1 之间。舀勺式面团还可包括质地调节剂、乳化剂、水胶体、面团发展剂、营养补充剂、调味剂、货架期稳定剂、有机酸和/或金属离子粘合剂。
• Damipipecolin and damituricin, novel bioactive bromopyrrole alkaloids from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella damicornis
  作者：Anna Aiello、Ernesto Fattorusso、Antonella Giordano、Marialuisa Menna、Werner E.G. Müller、Sanja Perović-Ottstadt、Heinz C. Schröder

  DOI：10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.074

  日期：2007.9.1

  Two new bromopyrrole alkaloids, damipipecolin (1) and damituricin (2), have been isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella danticornis, and their structures established through spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 extend the structural variety of the so far known pyrrole alkaloids; in these compounds, the 4-bromopyrrole 2-carboxylic acid is directly condensed with a non-protein cyclic alpha-amino acid, the (2R, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxypipecolic acid and (2R, 4R)-cis-N,N'-dimethyl-4-hydroxyproline (D-turicine) in I and 2, respectively. Compounds I and 2 were found to display a modulating effect of the serotonin receptor activity in vitro. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• MARRUBIIN AND COMPOSITION FOR REDUCING SNORING, PACKAGE AND METHOD
  申请人：Puranox Medical B.V.

  公开号：EP1915166A2

  公开（公告）日：2008-04-30