Branched-Selective Cross-Electrophile Coupling of 2-Alkyl Aziridines and (Hetero)aryl Iodides Using Ti/Ni Catalysis
作者:Wendy L. Williams、Neyci E. Gutiérrez-Valencia、Abigail G. Doyle
DOI:10.1021/jacs.3c08301
日期:2023.11.8
The arylation of 2-alkyl aziridines by nucleophilic ring-opening or transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling enables facile access to biologically relevant β-phenethylamine derivatives. However, both approaches largely favor C–C bond formation at the less-substituted carbon of the aziridine, thus enabling access to only linear products. Consequently, despite the attractive bond disconnection that
通过亲核开环或过渡金属催化的交叉偶联对 2-烷基氮丙啶进行芳基化,可以轻松获得生物学相关的 β-苯乙胺衍生物。然而,这两种方法很大程度上都有利于在氮丙啶的取代较少的碳上形成 C-C 键,从而只能获得线性产物。因此,尽管它引起了有吸引力的键断裂,但从 2-烷基氮丙啶合成支链芳基化产物仍然无法实现。在此,我们解决了这一长期存在的挑战,并报告了 2-烷基氮丙啶与芳基碘化物的首次支链选择性交叉偶联。这种独特的选择性是通过钛/镍双催化系统实现的。我们通过双重方法证明了该方法的稳健性:用于探测官能团耐受性的附加筛选活动和用于研究每个偶联伙伴的局部空间和电子分布对反应性的影响的特征驱动底物范围。此外,这种特征驱动的底物范围的多样性使得能够生成指导机械理解的预测反应模型。机理研究表明,支链选择性源于 Ti III诱导的氮丙啶自由基开环。
Dey; Ramanathan, Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India, 1943, vol. 9, p. 193,222
作者:Dey、Ramanathan
DOI:——
日期:——
Reversal of the ritter reaction as observed under electron impact conditions
作者:Sreeramulu Nagubandi
DOI:10.1002/oms.1210151010
日期:1980.10
AbstractFragmentations of various 2‐phenethylamides, trifluoroacylimidates and imidoyl trifluoromethyl sulfonates have been studied and a pathway for the formation of retro‐Ritter reaction products is proposed.
Aziridines. 69. Reactions of N-Acylaziridines with Sodium Metal and Sodium Naphthalenide. Elimination of olefines
Reactions of N-acylaziridines 1a-g (N-benzoyl except 1d) with sodium or naphthalenide N-.- in THF provide a variety of products that usually arise via the aziridino ketyls 2. Homolytic ring opening of 2 generates the amidatoalkyl radicals 3. Only with a very short reaction time were small amounts of benzil or benzoylnaphthalenes obtained indicating a reversible trapping of 2 by dimerization or coupling with N-.-. Homolysis of 2 produced always the more stable 3 apart from reactions of monomethylaziridines 1c,d where the primary radical i-3c,d is kinetically favoured. The amides R(1)CONHCHR(4)CHR(2)R(3) (9: isopropylamides i-9c,d from 1c,d) were usually the main products. 9 arise from 3 either by H atom abstraction from THF (probably in sodium metal runs) or by reduction of 3 to carbanions 5 that abstract a proton from THF (N-.- runs). Addition of 5a (R(2-4) = H) to 1a gives finally the ketone 8a. Self reaction of primary radical 3a is dimerization. Self reaction of tertiary or secondary radicals is disproportionation when an allylamide arises. This isomerizes to an enamide unless it is conjugated.R(2)R(3)C=CHR(4) and R(1)CONH(2) arise (probably) always. The mechanism, possibly a cyclic process of anion 6, is not clear.
Reactions with aziridines. 33. Arene hydrides. Part 1. Highly regioselective ring cleavage of N-acylaziridines by "anthracene hydride" (anion of 9,10-dihydroanthracene). Intermediacy of a carbonyl adduct. Influence of nitrogen inversion on the ring opening