Ethyl Cinnamate Derivatives as Promising High-Efficient Acaricides against <i>Psoroptes cuniculi</i>: Synthesis, Bioactivity and Structure–Activity Relationship
作者:Bingyu Zhang、Chao Lv、Weibo Li、Zhiming Cui、Dongdong Chen、Fangjun Cao、Fang Miao、Le Zhou
DOI:10.1248/cpb.c14-00765
日期:——
This paper reported the synthesis, structure–activity relationship (SAR) and acaricidal activity in vitro against Psoroptes cuniculi, a mange mite, of 25 ethyl cinnamate derivatives. All target compounds were synthesized and elucidated by means of MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis. The results showed that 24 out of 25 tested compounds at 1.0 mg/mL demonstrated acaricidal activity in varying degrees. Among them, 6, 15, 26, 27 and 30 showed significant activity with median lethal concentration values (LC50) of 89.3, 119.0, 39.2, 29.8 and 41.2 µg/mL, respectively, which were 2.1- to 8.3-fold the activity of ivermectin (LC50=247.4 µg/mL), a standard drug in the treatment of Psoroptes cuniculi. Compared with ivermectin, with a median lethal time value (LT50) of 8.9 h, 27 and 30 showed smaller LT50 values of 7.9 and 1.3 h, respectively, whereas 6, 15 and 26 showed slightly larger LT50 values of 10.6, 11.0 and 10.4 h at 4.5 µmol/mL. SARs showed that the presence of o-NO2 or m-NO2 on the benzene ring significantly improved the activity, whereas the introduction of a hydroxy, methoxy, acetoxy, methylenedioxy, bromo or chloro group reduced the activity. (E)-Cinnamates were more effective than their (Z)-isomer. Nevertheless, the carbon–carbon double bond in the acrylic ester moiety was proven not to be essential to improve the activity of cinnamic acid esters. Thus, the results strongly indicate that cinnamate derivatives, especially their dihydro derivatives, should be promising candidates or lead compounds for the development of novel acaricides for the effective control of animal or human acariasis.
本研究报道了25种肉桂酸乙酯衍生物的合成、构效关系及其对兔疥螨的杀螨活性。所有目标化合物通过MS、1H-和13C-NMR进行了表征。结果表明,25个化合物中有24个在1.0mg/mL浓度下表现出不同程度的杀螨活性。其中,6、15、26、27和30号化合物显示出显著的活性,半数致死浓度值(LC50)分别为89.3、119.0、39.2、29.8和41.2μg/mL,分别是伊维菌素(LC50=247.4μg/mL)的2.1-8.3倍。与伊维菌素(半数致死时间LT50为8.9h)相比,27和30号化合物的LT50值更小,分别为7.9h和1.3h,而6、15和26号化合物的LT50值稍大,分别为10.6、11.0和10.4h(4.5μmol/mL)。构效关系表明,苯环上的邻硝基或间硝基显著提高了活性,而引入羟基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、亚甲二氧基、溴或氯则降低了活性。(E)-肉桂酸酯比其(Z)-异构体更有效。然而,丙烯酸酯部分的碳-碳双键对于提高肉桂酸酯的活性并非必需。因此,结果强烈表明,肉桂酸酯衍生物,尤其是其二氢衍生物,应该是开发新型杀螨剂以有效控制人和动物螨病的极具潜力的候选物或先导化合物。