已开发出一种用于将多种简单和杂环芳烃与芳基碘化物、溴化物和氯化物进行分子内直接芳基化的催化剂。这些反应以极好的收率发生并且具有高度选择性。对芳基碘化物底物的研究表明,由于碘化物在反应介质中的积累,会发生催化剂中毒。这可以通过添加银盐来克服,银盐也允许这些反应在较低温度下发生。该方法的效用通过咔唑天然产物的快速合成和通过直接芳基化产物的开环反应合成空间位阻四邻位取代的联芳基来说明。机理研究提供了对催化剂的深入了解 s 作用模式并显示在钯催化的简单芳烃的直接芳基化中存在动力学上显着的 CH 键裂解。从这些研究中获得的知识导致了以前无法获得的芳烃的新分子间芳基化反应的发展,为其他新的直接芳基化过程的发展打开了大门。
Synthesis and reactivity of benzylic sulfonium salts: benzylation of phenol and thiophenol under near-neutral conditions
作者:Julie Forrester、Ray V.H Jones、Lee Newton、Peter N Preston
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00137-5
日期:2001.4
- and related hydrogensulfate salts have been synthesized from the ternary system ArCH2OH:H2SO4: Me2S or tetrahydrothiophene. The salts are generally stable crystalline solids, but anomalously high reactivity is observed for 9-(anthrylmethyl)dimethylsulfonium hydrogensulfate. Selected sulfonium salts have been used for the O- and S-benzylation of phenol and thiophenol, respectively, in a two phase
从三元体系ArCH 2 OH:H 2 SO 4:Me 2 S或四氢噻吩合成了一系列苄基二甲基ulf盐和相关的硫酸氢盐。所述盐通常是稳定的结晶固体,但是对于9-(蒽甲基)二甲基ulf硫酸氢盐观察到异常高的反应性。在接近中性的两相体系中,已选择的sulf盐分别用于苯酚和硫酚的O-和S-苄基化。还描述了在碱性条件下肟和苯并咪唑的苄基化。
Ultrasound-promoted intramolecular direct arylation in a capillary flow microreactor
作者:Lei Zhang、Mei Geng、Peng Teng、Dan Zhao、Xi Lu、Jian-Xin Li
DOI:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.07.008
日期:2012.3
An intramoleculardirectarylation of various aryl bromides was performed using ultrasonic irradiation and a continuous flow capillary microreactor. The present procedure provided a higher functional group tolerance, ligand-free, milder reaction conditions and a shorter reaction time for the directarylation compared with the conventional methods. The ultrasonic irritation not only greatly promoted
[reaction: see text] An N-heterocyclic carbene palladium catalyst system is used to promote direct arylation of a broad range of aryl chlorides to form six- and five-membered ring biaryls. An influence of the halide on the palladium precatalyst on catalyst activation has been revealed, as has a beneficial effect of NHC salts that allows the turnover numbers to be increased by simple addition of imidazolium
A process is disclosed for preparing bidentate ligands of the formula:
wherein:
each of Ar, R′, R˝ and Y are specifically defined species;
the x bonds and the y bonds are attached to adjacent carbon atoms on the ring structures; and
n is a whole number in the range of 0-4 where Ar is phenyl: 0-6 where Ar is naphthyl: and 0-8 where Ar is phenanthryl or anthracenyl.
The invention process comprises
a. reductively coupling an ortho-substituted aromatic moiety to produce a biphenyl compound;
b. contacting the biphenyl compound produced in Step (a) with an anion having the structure:
wherein Y, Y′ and R′ are specifically defined species;
under conditions appropriate to form said bidentate ligand or the dioxide precursor thereof; and
c. optionally reducing the intermediate product when the oxy-anion,
is employed as the anion in Step (b).
SPIRO-CONDENSED PYRROLIDINE DERIVATIVES AS DEUBIQUITYLATING ENZYME (DUB) INHIBITORS
申请人:Mission Therapeutics Limited
公开号:EP4067355A1
公开(公告)日:2022-10-05
The present invention relates to novel compounds and methods for the manufacture of inhibitors of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). In particular, the invention relates to the inhibition of Cezanne 1. The invention further relates to the use of DUB inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Figure (I):