3,3'-dichlorobenzidine is a gray to purple crystalline powder. Insoluble in water. Very toxic. Used in the dye industry, curing agent for isocyanate terminated resins.
颜色/状态:
Needles from alcohol or benzene
蒸汽压力:
4.1X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
自燃温度:
350 °C
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits very high toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides./
Administration of a single oral dose (20 mg/kg) of U-14(C) 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine to rats resulted in the in vivo covalent binding of the compound to hepatic lipids. More than 70% of the lipid 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine adducts were accounted for in microsomes. Loss of the lipid bound 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine residues from either total liver or endoplasmic reticulum occurred in at least two phases an initial fast phase and a terminal slow phase. In vitro studies with hepatic microsomes in the presence of antibodies to specific p450 isozymes and chemical inhibitors to determine the enzymes that activate 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine to the lipid binding derivative(s) implicated cytochrome p450 dependent The 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine bound microsomal lipids were not mutagenic to Salmonella TA98 in the Ames test. The results suggest that adduct formation between 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and membrane lipids may provide a measure of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine activation.
Covalent binding of benzidine and some congeners to hemoglobin was studied in female Wistar rats after oral administration. Hemoglobin adducts were hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, and the arylamines analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. With benzidine, three cleavage products were observed, the major component being monoacetylbenzidine. This indicates that 4-nitroso-4'-N- acetylaminobiphenyl is the major reactive metabolite in erythrocytes. In addition benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were identified. With 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine and 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine two cleavage products were observed, the parent diamines being present in excess to or in amounts comparable to the monoacetyl derivative. With 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine a hemoglobin adduct could not be found. When the azo dye direct red 28 was administered to the animals, the three cleavage products typical for benzidine were found, indicating that benzidine became bioavailable after reductive cleavage of the azo compound. In this case the fraction of 4-aminobiphenyl was greater than after benzidine. It is proposed to use the analysis of hemoglobin adducts in human blood to control the exposure of individuals to these carcinogenic chemicals in the course of biochemical effect monitoring.
... During the first few hours after administration of benzidine to monkeys, its metabolites were primarily detected in the urine, whereas 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine was excreted almost entirely as the unchanged base. The urinary (14)C-labeled benzidine metabolites appeared to be N-acetylated cmpds.
Mongrel dogs (sex unspecified) given 1 g 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine ip as suspension in gum tragacanth excreted less than 2% in feces & less than 0.2% in urine as parent cmpd. Thus, 3'3-dichlorobenzidine is probably degraded rapidly in vivo. ... One metabolite obtained from monkey urine /following iv admin/ co-chromatographed with monoacetyl benzidine, a urinary metabolite of benzidine in monkeys.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes. The major path of metabolism is believed to be N-acetylation via hepatic N-acetyltransferases, producing metabolites such as N-acetyl-3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and N,N-diacetyl-3,3’-dichlorobenzidine. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine may also be activated to toxic intermediates by certain cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. Metabolites are excreted primarily in urine and to a lesser extent in faeces. (L124)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (DCB) is gray to purple, crystalline solid. It is used in the United States primarily in the manufacture of pigments for printing ink, textiles, paper, paint, rubber, and plastics and as a curing agent for isocyanate-containing polymers and solid urethane plastics. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Dermal exposure to 3,3'-DCB base has caused dermatitis in dye workers. A significant increase in cancer of the blood cells (mostly leukemia) was found among dye-manufacturing workers exposed only to 3,3'-DCB. DCB is capable of inducing DNA damage and some cellular stress responses in HepG2 cells. It has caused unscheduled DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. Effective biological monitoring was achieved by a combination of monitoring hemoglobin adducts with spot samplings of urinary DCB excretion. DCB is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. ANIMAL STUDIES: DCB or its dihydrochloride caused tumors in several species of experimental animals, at several different tissue sites, and by several different routes of exposure. Dietary administration of DCB caused mammary-gland cancer (adenocarcinoma) in rats of both sexes, granulocytic leukemia and Zymbal-gland cancer (carcinoma) in male rats, urinary-bladder cancer (transitional-cell or papillary transitional-cell carcinoma) in hamsters and in female dogs, and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in female dogs. Subcutaneous injection of DCB caused skin and mammary-gland tumors in rats. Prenatal exposure to DCB in mice caused lymphoid leukemia, and dietary exposure caused liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in males. Purified and technical grade DCB had some direct mutagenic activity toward Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, but this was increased over 50-fold by activation. DCB injected ip into mice at low concentration increased, and at high concentration, decreased the sister chromatid exchange frequency in bone marrow cells.
3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine's mechanism of toxicity derives mainly from the adduction of DNA by its metabolites. The formation of nitroso derivatives during metabolism, yielding a sulfinic acid amide with hemoglobin in erythrocytes, is suggested to be a mechanism for this adduct formation. 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine can act on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor to induce the activity of cytochrome p-450 enzymes, which metabolize 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine, along with other polyhalogenated aromatics, into their toxic intermediates. (L124, A89, A90)
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on statistically significantly increased tumor incidence in rats, mice and dogs. Additional support is provided by positive evidence of genotoxicity and structural relationship to the known human bladder carcinogen benzidine. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
人类致癌性证据不足。动物致癌性证据充分。总体评估:2B组:该物质可能对人类致癌。
Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A3; 已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
... intestinal or dermal absorption of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in experimental animals; the appearance of systemic toxicity following oral admin or dermal application indicates some degree of absorption by way of these routes.
Constituents that co-chromatographed with 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine were isolated from urine of workers occupationally exposed to 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine. In one worker drenched with a slurry of this cmpd in water, urinary excretion was incr approx 10-fold over the rate observed in other workers.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine crosses the placenta of mice as demonstrated by growth changes in explanted kidneys of embryos from BALB/c mice treated during pregnancy ... & by incr tumor incidences in offspring /exposed in utero to 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine/. ...
Four hr after iv admin of 14(C)-labeled benzidine or 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine to dogs, radioactivity levels in urine & bladder were 30 & 42% higher, respectively, for benzidine than for 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine. In general, the excretion rates were similar, with excretion practically ceasing simultaneously 1 wk after treatment.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Linoleic acid amplifies polychlorinated biphenyl-mediated dysfunction of endothelial cells
摘要:
Selected dietary lipids may increase the atherogenicity of environmental chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), by cross-amplifying mechanisms leading to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. To investigate this hypothesis, cultured endothelial cells were treated with 90 mu M linoleic acid (18:2n-6), followed by either one of two PCBs, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) or 2,2'4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153). These PCBs were selected for their varying binding activities with the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor and differences in their induction of cytochrome P450. PCB 77 disrupted endothelial barrier function by allowing an increase in albumin transfer across endothelial monolayers. Prior cellular enrichment with 18:2 before CB treatment further diminished endothelial barrier function, as compared tee cells treated only with the PCB. This phenomenon appears to be mediated by increased oxidative stress, which is supported by enhanced 2,7-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, activation data of the oxidative stress-sensitive nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), as well as an observed decrease in vitamin E content in the culture media. Similar to the endothelial permeability data, pre-enrichment of cells with 18:2 further increased the PCB-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 1A. In contrast to PCB 77, PCB 153 (or 18:2 plus PCB 153) had little or no effect on endothelial barrier function. Our results suggest that certain unsaturated fatty acids can potentiate PCB-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction and that oxidative stress and activation of the cytochrome P450 1A subfamily may be, in part, responsible for these metabolic events. These findings have implications for understanding the involvement of certain environmental contaminants in. diseases that involve dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The present invention relates to new azo dyes, a process for their preparation, and their use for dyeing or printing fibrous materials, to produce materials with brownish shades.
本发明涉及新的偶氮染料,其制备过程,以及它们用于染色或印花纤维材料以产生棕色调材料的用途。
[EN] PHOTOALIGNING MATERIAL<br/>[FR] MATÉRIAU DE PHOTOALIGNEMENT
申请人:ROLIC AG
公开号:WO2013017467A1
公开(公告)日:2013-02-07
The present invention relates to a copolymer for the photoalignment of liquid crystals comprising a photoreactive group as given below in formula (I), compositions thereof, and its use for optical and electro optical devices, especially liquid crystal devices (LCDs).
Pigment compositions for solvent and water-based ink systems and the methods for producing them
申请人:HOECHST CELANESE CORPORATION
公开号:EP0592907A1
公开(公告)日:1994-04-20
This invention is an azo pigment composition containing a water insoluble metal salt of a water soluble polymer; a method of preparing said composition and ink compositions prepared from said azo pigment compositions.
[EN] SITE-SPECIFIC RADIOFLUORINATION OF PEPTIDES WITH 8-[18F]-FLUOROOCTANOIC ACID CATALYZED BY LIPOIC ACID LIGASE<br/>[FR] RADIOFLUORATION SPÉCIFIQUE DE SITE DE PEPTIDES AVEC DE L'ACIDE 8-[18F]FLUOROOCTANOÏQUE CATALYSÉE PAR UNE ACIDE LIPOÏQUE LIGASE
申请人:UNIV CALIFORNIA
公开号:WO2017095806A1
公开(公告)日:2017-06-08
New methodologies for site-specifically radiolabeling proteins with the PET isotope [18F] are required to generate high quality radiotracers for imaging in both the preclinical and clinical settings. The enzymatic radiofluorination overcomes many of the limitations encountered to date with purely chemical approaches. The bacterial enzyme lipoic acid ligase was used to conjugate [18F]-fluorooctanoic acid to both a small peptide and a Fab antibody fragment. Labeling was site-specific and highly efficient under mild aqueous conditions using small amounts of peptide/protein (1-10 nmol). The labeled construct retained full epitope binding affinity and was stable in mouse serum. Using an optimized reaction scheme, mCi quantities of [18F]-Fab were generated, an amount sufficient for human imaging.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of small-azo-dyes as potent Vesicular Glutamate Transporters inhibitors
作者:Franck-Cyril Favre-Besse、Odile Poirel、Tiphaine Bersot、Elodie Kim-Grellier、Stephanie Daumas、Salah El Mestikawy、Francine C. Acher、Nicolas Pietrancosta
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.056
日期:2014.5
and dicarboxylic quinolines (DCQs). Their ability to block vesicular glutamate uptake was evaluated. Several compounds displayed low micromolar inhibitory potency when size related compounds are thirty to forty times less potent (i.e. DCQ). We then confirmed the VGLUT selectivity by measuring the effect of the series on vesicularmonoamine transport and on metabotropic glutamate receptor activity.