Mechanistic Implications of Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes and Chiral 1,6-Enynes
摘要:
[GRAPHICS]A study of nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and chiral 1,6-enynes has provided evidence for three distinct mechanistic pathways that govern regioselectivity in this transformation. In the absence of a phosphine additive, high regioselectivity and high diastereoselectivity are obtained as a direct result of coordination of both the alkyne and the olefin to the metal center during the C-C bond-forming step.
Directing effects of tethered alkenes in nickel-catalyzed coupling reactions of 1,6-enynes and aldehydes
摘要:
Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and 1,6-enynes proceed in excellent regioselectivity in the absence of a phosphine, and the use of a monodentate phosphine additive leads to the formation of the opposite regioisomer with equally high selectivity. Both products are the result of the same fundamental mechanism, with the inversion of regioselectivity being the result of stereospecific ligand substitution at the metal center. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[GRAPHICS]Synthetic studies toward the total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin (1) resulted in the discovery of additive-free, highly regioselective nickel -catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and 1,6-enynes and the construction of an advanced intermediate in studies directed toward the synthesis of 1. Ultimately, although not employing the nickel-catalyzed reaction, a highly convergent total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin featuring an intermolecular SMI2-mediated Reformatsky coupling reaction and macrolactonization initiated by a retro-ene reaction of an alkoxyalkyne was achieved. The resulting synthesis was 18 steps in the longest linear sequence from either methyl acetoacetate or isobutyraldehyde.