Reactions of carbonyl compounds in basic solutions. Part 15. The alkaline hydrolysis of N-methyl, N-phenyl and bicyclo lactams, penicillins and N-alkyl-N-methylacetamides
作者:Keith Bowden、Keith Bromley
DOI:10.1039/p29900002111
日期:——
suggest the detailed mechanisms. All the β-lactams appear to react with rate-determining addition of hydroxide anion; while the N-alkyl γ- and δ-lactams and N-alkyl-N-methylacetamides have rate-determining ring fission of the tetrahedral adduct, assisted by water-catalysis. The reactivity of penicillin in alkalinehydrolysis has been analysed by the studies of model compounds. These show that the increased
A process for preparing arylene sulfide polymers which comprises the steps of contacting at least one alkali metal hydroxide, water and at least one lactam to form a first mixture comprising an alkali metal aminoalkanoate, water and lactam, and subsequently contacting said first mixture with at least one sulfur source selected from the group consisting of alkali metal bisulfides, thiolactams, and hydrogen sulfide under reaction conditions of time and temperature sufficient to produce a second mixture comprising a polymerizable complex of an alkali metal aminolkanoate and the sulfur source, lactam, water and metal impurities; separating at least a portion of the metal impurities from the second mixture to form a third mixture; contacting at least one dihaloaromatic compound with the third mixture to produce a polymerization mixture; subjecting the polymerization mixture to polymerization conditions of time and temperature sufficient to produce the arylene sulfide polymer; and recovering the arylene sulfide polymer. In a further embodiment, the second mixture may be dehydrated prior to separating at least a portion of the metal impurities from the second mixture, or the third mixture may be dehydrated prior to contacting the third mixture with the dihaloaromatic compound.
Selective conversion of glycerol to lactic acid with iron pincer precatalysts
作者:Liam S. Sharninghausen、Brandon Q. Mercado、Robert H. Crabtree、Nilay Hazari
DOI:10.1039/c5cc06857f
日期:——
A family of iron complexes of PNP pincer ligands are active catalysts for the conversion of glycerol to lactic acid with high activity and selectivity.