Artepillin C isoprenomics: Design and synthesis of artepillin C isoprene analogues as lipid peroxidation inhibitor having low mitochondrial toxicity
摘要:
We designed and synthesized isoprene analogues of artepillin C, a major component of Brazilian propolis, and investigated the inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation of rat liver mitochondria (RLM) and RLM toxicity based on isoprenomics. We succeeded in the synthesis of artepillin C isoprene analogues using regioselective prenylation within the range from 22% to 53% total yield. Reactivity of artepillin C and its isoprene analogues with ABTS (2,2'-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) radical cations showed only a slight difference among the molecules. The isoprene side-chain elongation analogues of artepillin C showed almost the same inhibitory activity against RLM lipid peroxidation as artepillin C. Artepillin C and its isoprene analogues had very weak RLM uncoupling activity. Moreover, artepillin C and its isoprene analogues exhibited a lower inhibitory activity against adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by about two orders of magnitude than the effective inhibitory activity against RLM lipid peroxidation. From these results we conclude that artepillin C isoprene analogues could be potent lipid peroxidation inhibitors having low mitochondrial toxicity. We also conclude that elongation of the isoprene side chain of artepillin C to increase lipophilicity had little influence on the inhibitory activity toward RLM lipid peroxidation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
多烯环化反应是高效且独特的仿生转化,可从其无环前体产生复杂的多环分子。近年来,随着可见光的使用,已经开发了各种阳离子介导和自由基介导的合成方法来获得高度非对映选择性环化。在本文中,我们报道了在酚环不同位置含有溴基和氯基的香叶基酚的可见光介导、无催化剂级联环化。在不使用任何光催化剂的六氟-2-丙醇中,使用蓝色 LED 灯以高立体选择性获得所需的环化产物。卤素(特别是氯或溴)的存在对于这种环化的成功至关重要,使用蓝色 LED 灯代替绿色 LED 灯也是如此。尽管这一成功的确切原因尚不清楚,但讨论了一些可能的解释,并且光反应的进一步控制研究应该成为该领域任何努力的一部分。
Organic Photocatalytic Cyclization of Polyenes: A Visible-Light-Mediated Radical Cascade Approach
作者:Zhongbo Yang、Han Li、Long Zhang、Ming-Tian Zhang、Jin-Pei Cheng、Sanzhong Luo
DOI:10.1002/chem.201503118
日期:2015.10.12
A visible‐light‐mediated, organic photocatalytic stereoselective radical cascade cyclization of polyprenoids is described. The desired cascade cyclization products are achieved in good yields and high stereoselectivities with eosin Y as photocatalyst in hexafluoro‐2‐propanol. The catalyst system is also suitable for 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, which require only catalytic amounts of LiBr to promote the
Brønsted acids (Chiral LBBAs) have been designed as new organocatalysts for biomimeticenantioselectivecyclization. A salt of a chiral phosphonous acid diester with FSO3H catalyzes the enantioselectivecyclization of 2-geranylphenols to give the desired trans-fused cyclized products with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 dr and 93% ee).