醋酸铊(I) | 563-68-8

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 有机金属类化合物 - 有机钪、钽、铊、钨、锑、镧、铅、钒、钼、铬、镱等
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 醋酸铊(I)
• 中文别名: 乙酸铊；醋酸铊；乙酸亚铊；乙酸亚铊盐
• 英文名称: Thallium acetate
• CAS: 563-68-8
• 化学式: C2H4O2.Tl
• 分子量: 264.44
• InChiKey: LVAMVZXECCXUGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  182 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• 物理描述：
  Thallium acetate is a white odorless crystalline solid. Density 3.68 g / cm3. A dangerous poison.
• 颜色/状态：
  WHITE CRYSTALS
• 气味：
  ... Odorless
• 溶解度：
  Soluble (NTP, 1992)
• 密度：
  3.765 at 278.6 °F (USCG, 1999)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /thallium/

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.29
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  37.3
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

分类：D；无法归类为人类致癌性。分类依据：基于动物和人类致癌性数据的缺乏。人类致癌性数据：不足。动物致癌性数据：无。

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on the lack of carcinogenicity data in animals and humans. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

在1932-35年期间，由于使用含有大约7%醋酸铊的脱毛剂，Koremlu乳膏，导致了几例视网膜神经病变或视神经病变的案例。

DURING PERIOD 1932-35 SEVERAL CASES OF RETROBULBAR OR OPTIC NEUROPATHY RESULTED FROM USE OF DEPILATORY, KOREMLU CREAM, CONTAINING APPROX 7% THALLIUM ACETATE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

... 已有许多由于使用铊药物导致的致命和非致命中毒案例 ... . 人类的致死剂量几乎接近于治疗剂量（每公斤体重8毫克铊醋酸盐）& 自从一名10岁男孩摄入166毫克铊醋酸盐后死亡记录以来，有人建议成人的最小致死剂量应考虑约为0.8克，相当于每公斤体重大约12毫克。

THERE HAVE BEEN MANY CASES OF FATAL & NON-FATAL POISONING FROM MEDICINAL USE OF THALLIUM ... . THE LETHAL DOSE FOR HUMAN BEINGS NEARLY APPROX TO THE THERAPEUTIC DOSE (8 MG OF THALLIUM ACETATE PER KG BODY WT) & SINCE DEATH HAS BEEN RECORDED IN A 10 YR OLD BOY AFTER INGESTION OF 166 MG OF THALLIUM ACETATE, IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THE MINIMUM LETHAL DOSE FOR AN ADULT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ABOUT 0.8 G CORRESPONDING TO ABOUT 12 MG/KG BODY WT.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

一名42岁男性因7岁时口服醋酸铊治疗头癣，现报告一例智能障碍、残余性共济失调和痉挛性轻偏瘫的病例。

A case of intellectual impairment, residual ataxia and spastic paraparesis in a 42 yr old man who was given oral thallium acetate for scalp ringworm at the age of 7 is reported.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

基于现有有限数据，儿童似乎对铊的急性毒性和致死效应并不比成人更为敏感。在一项估计有8,006名儿童单次口服剂量为3.1-7.8毫克/千克体重的醋酸铊作为脱毛剂的研究中，447人（6%）生病，8人（0.1%）死亡。

Based on the limited data available, children seem to be no more sensitive to the acute toxic or lethal effects of thallium than adults. In a series of 8,006 children estimated to have been given single oral doses of 3.1-7.8 mg Tl/kg body weight of thallous acetate as a depilatory, 447 (6%) became ill and eight (0.1%) died.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

铊在雄性和雌性Wistar大鼠的器官和大脑区域中的分布进行了研究。大鼠通过腹腔注射铊醋酸盐溶液。使用的剂量是16 mg/kg的铊，是成年啮齿类动物半数致死剂量的两倍。在大鼠给药后0.125到3天对其进行安乐死。组织中的铊浓度在大约1天后达到峰值，然后开始下降。睾丸、肾脏和心脏中的铊含量高于大脑和肝脏。睾丸失去铊的速度比肾脏和心脏快。大脑中的铊含量显著低于所有其他检查的器官。不同大脑区域之间的铊浓度没有显著差异。在大脑皮层中，铊的峰值浓度在注射后1到2天达到。所有其他器官在0.75到1天内达到最大浓度。铊以不同的速率开始下降，取决于区域。从新生到20天大的大鼠被注射铊；在注射后1天分析大脑皮层、下丘脑和小脑的区域含量。大鼠在大脑区域中的铊含量直到出生后5天才表现出差异，此时皮层浓度低于新生儿的浓度。

The distribution of thallium among body organs and brain regions was investigated in male and female Wistar rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with a thallium acetate solution. The dose used was 16 mg/kg as thallium, half the median lethal dose for adult rodents. Rats were sacrificed from 0.125 to 3 days after dosing. Tissue thallium concentrations peaked at about 1 day and then began to decrease. Higher levels of thallium were found in testes, kidney and heart than were noted in brain and liver. The testes lost thallium more rapidly than the kidney and heart. Brain contained significantly lower levels of thallium than all other organs examined. No significant differences were noted in thallium concentration between the various brain regions. Peak concentration of thallium in the cortex was attained at 1 to 2 days after injection. All other organs reached their maximum concentration between 0.75 and 1 day. Thallium began to decrease at different rates, depending on the region. Rats ranging in age from newborn to 20 days old were injected with thallium; regional brain content in the cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum was analyzed 1 day later. Rats did not show differences in the thallium contents in brain regions until 5 days after birth, when cortical concentration was less than that of the newborn.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在急性铊中毒的情况下，发现人类大脑中神经元密集的区域比其他区域积累了更多的铊，并且灰质中的铊含量高于非神经组织。/可溶性铊化合物/

In acute thallium poisoning, human brain areas densely populated with neurons were found to accumulate thallium more than other areas, and the gray matter contained higher thallium levels than nonneural tissues. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  T+,N
• 安全说明：
  S13,S28,S45,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R51/53,R33,R26/28
• WGK Germany：
  3
• RTECS号：
  AJ5425000
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  6.1
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1707 6.1/PG 2