Nickel-Catalyzed Reversible Functional Group Metathesis between Aryl Nitriles and Aryl Thioethers
作者:Tristan Delcaillau、Philip Boehm、Bill Morandi
DOI:10.1021/jacs.1c00529
日期:2021.3.17
We describe a new functional group metathesis between aryl nitriles and aryl thioethers. The catalytic system nickel/dcype is essential to achieve this fully reversible transformation in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the cyanide- and thiol-free reaction shows high functional group tolerance and great efficiency for the late-stage derivatization of commercial molecules. Finally, synthetic applications
Substituent Effect on the Enantiomer-Differentiating Reaction of Lithiomethyl<i>p</i>-Tolyl Sulfoxide with Meta- or Para-Substituted (<i>R</i>)-(−)-Menthyl Benzoates
para-substituents, with 2 equivalents of racemic lithiomethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide displays the feature of an enantiomer-differentiating reaction, affording the corresponding optically active β-keto sulfoxides. The degree and the direction of enantioselectivity were affected by the nature of the substituent on benzene ring. The electron-releasing substituents trend to increase the %e.e. value. The reversal in the configuration
Palladium-Catalyzed Late-Stage Direct Arene Cyanation
作者:Da Zhao、Peng Xu、Tobias Ritter
DOI:10.1016/j.chempr.2018.09.027
日期:2019.1
Methods for direct benzonitrile synthesis are sparse, despite the versatility of cyano groups in organic synthesis and the importance of benzonitriles for the dye, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. We report the first general late-stage aryl C–H cyanation with broad substrate scope and functional-group tolerance. The reaction is enabled by a dual-ligand combination of quinoxaline and an
The presence of an event in the narrated situation affects its availability to the comprehender
作者:Rolf A. Zwaan、Carol J. Madden、Shannon N. Whitten
DOI:10.3758/bf03209350
日期:2000.11
Narrative descriptions of events often depart from how these events would have occurred in "real time." For example, narratives often contain time shifts in which events that are irrelevant to the plot are omitted. Zwaan (1996) has shown that these time shifts may affect on-line comprehension. Specifically, they are associated with increases in processing load and a deactivation of previous information. The experiments in the present article show that the situation is more complex. Specifically there is only a deactivation of previous events if they are not assumed to be ongoing after a time shift. Furthermore, explicit discontinuations of events, as in he stopped walking also lead to deactivations when compared with explicit continuations and resumptions.
KUNIEDA, NORIO;NAKANISHI, TAKESHI;KINOSHITA, MASAYOSHI, BULL. CHEM. SOC. JAP., 62,(1989) N, C. 2229-2234