Linker-Based Hemisuccinate Derivatives of Artemisinin: Synthesis and Antimalarial Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis</i> in Mice
作者:Chandan Singh、Rani Kanchan、Sandeep Chaudhary、Sunil K. Puri
DOI:10.1021/jm2010699
日期:2012.2.9
Artesunic acid 5, the hemisuccinate derivative of dihydroartemisinin 2, is the only clinically useful water-soluble derivative of artemisinin 1. However, being a lactol ester, it is rapidly hydrolyzed back to dihydroartemisinin in aqueous alkaline solution, a reaction that seriously limits its utility. A new series of potentially more stable linker-based hemisuccinate derivatives 12a–i and 14a–c have been prepared
Design, Synthesis, and Study of a Mycobactin−Artemisinin Conjugate That Has Selective and Potent Activity against Tuberculosis and Malaria
作者:Marvin J. Miller、Andrew J. Walz、Helen Zhu、Chunrui Wu、Garrett Moraski、Ute Möllmann、Esther M. Tristani、Alvin L. Crumbliss、Michael T. Ferdig、Lisa Checkley、Rachel L. Edwards、Helena I. Boshoff
DOI:10.1021/ja109665t
日期:2011.2.23
Although the antimalarial agent artemisinin itself is not active against tuberculosis, conjugation to a mycobacterial-specific siderophore (microbial iron chelator) analogue induces significant and selective anti-tuberculosis activity, including activity against multi-and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The conjugate also retains potent antimalarial activity. Physicochemical and whole-cell studies indicated that ferric-to-ferrous reduction of the iron complex of the conjugate initiates the expected bactericidal Fenton-type radical chemistry on the artemisinin component. Thus, this "Trojan horse" approach demonstrates that new pathogen-selective therapeutic agents in which the iron component of the delivery vehicle also participates in triggering the antibiotic activity can be generated. The result is that one appropriate conjugate has potent and selective activity against two of the most deadly diseases in the world.